二維床面均勻沙雙向位置特性及起動概率研究

Study on Bidirectional Position Characteristics and Threshold Probability of Uniform Sediment on 2-D Bed

10.6937/TWC.201906_67(2).0004

王愉樂(YU-LE WANG)；張根廣(GEN-GUANG ZHANG)；陳學彪(XUE-BIAO CHEN)；劉餘(YU LIU)；許曉陽(XIAO-YANG XU)

隱蔽角 ； 暴露角 ； 相對暴露度 ； 雙向位置 ； 泥沙起動概率 ； Hidden angle ； Exposure angle ； Relative exposure degree ； Bidirectional position ； Threshold probability

台灣水利

67卷2期（2019 / 06 / 01）

30 - 39

繁體中文

為研究泥沙在床面上分佈規律，揭示顆粒位置對泥沙起動的影響機理，在前人研究的基礎上，提出了泥沙隱蔽角及暴露角概念。通過自行設計實驗，將2,500顆等粒徑的玻璃球隨機投入定制的透明長方體槽中，模擬均勻泥沙在床面位置的隨機分佈，並採用精度為0.05°的電子顯示量角儀測量了玻璃球的隱蔽角及暴露角，統計分析了測得的1,786組測量值，結果顯示：均勻沙隱蔽角和暴露角都近似服從相同的正態分佈，兩角之和可近似認為呈指數分佈。對表層顆粒進行受力分析，探討了顆粒隱蔽角和暴露角雙向位置對泥沙起動的影響，並推導得到了包含泥沙雙向位置角的起動概率公式。

In order to further research the location characteristics of sediment on the bed surface and reveal the mechanism of particle position's influence to sediment incipient motion, the concept about bidirectional vertical exposure degree is proposed based on the analysis of previous researches. The authors randomly put 2,500 same size glass balls into transparent rectangular groove self-designed and assumed it to be random distribution of uniform sediment on the bed-surface. An electronic display angle meter with accuracy of 0.05° was used to measure the hidden angle and the exposure angle of glass ball, so 1,786 groups of data were obtained. The results of the analysis showed that the distributions of hidden angle and exposure angle of uniform sediment could be approximately assumed to be the Gaussian distribution. At the same time, the sum of hidden angle and exposure angle can be considered as exponential distribution. Then, based on the force analysis of the surface particles, the effects of the concealed angle and the exposure angle of the particles on the sediment incipient were discussed. Finally, the threshold probability formula containing the bidirectional position angle of the sediment is derived.

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