Geochemical Assessment of Nambul River Water Quality for Domestic and Irrigation Uses, Imphal, Manipur

利用地球化學分析印度因帕爾Nambul River水質及其國內與灌溉用水之可行性

10.6937/TWC.201912_67(4).0003

RANU JAJO LAISHRAM；WAZIR ALAM

Geochemistry ； Water Quality ； Pollution ； Precipitation ； Geochemical facies ； 地球化學 ； 水質 ； 污染 ； 降水 ； 地球化學相

台灣水利

67卷4期（2019 / 12 / 01）

23 - 40

英文

The water quality analysis of Nambul River in Manipur, India was carried out for pre-monsoon and monsoon periods to assess the geochemical characteristics for drinking and irrigational uses. Physicochemical water quality parameters were analysed for thirty (30) sampling locations within the stretch of the river during the two seasons to study both temporal and spatial changes. Some of the parameters and their mean values were found exceeding the desirable and permissible standards prescribed by the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards. Some of the parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total hardness exhibited significant spatial variation during the pre-monsoon season as opposed to less spatial variation during the monsoon period due to high flow velocity and mixing of stream flow during monsoon. The geochemical facies of the river were found to be in the order of Na^+ ＞ K^+ ＞ Ca^(2+) ＞ Mg^(2+) type for cations and Cl^- ＞ HCO_3^- ＞ NO_3^- ＞ SO_4^(2-) type for anions during both pre-monsoon and monsoon periods. The basic geochemical dominance was found to be rock-weathering for both cations and anions during pre-monsoon with some shift towards attributed to precipitation in the monsoon period. The irrigational water quality indices such as Sodium Absorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Sodium percentage, Permeability Index, Wilcox diagram and United States Salinity Laboratory diagram showed that the water quality is in the acceptable range except for a few samples.

本研究於季風期前以及季風期時，針對印度曼尼普爾邦的Nambul River進行水質分析，用以評估飲用與灌溉用途之水源中的地球化學特徵。本文中對河段區內30個採樣點進行理化水質參數分析，研究其時態與空間變化。研究中發現，某些參數及其平均值超過世界衛生組織和印度標準局規定的標準值。部分參數如溫度、pH、電導率、總溶解固體、濁度、溶氧量、總硬度等，在季風期前呈現出明顯的空間變化。反之，季風期時因受到水流混合及高流速的影響，空間變化因而較小。季風期前及季風期時，Nambul River的地球化學相呈現Na^+ ＞ K^+ ＞ Ca^(2+) ＞ Mg^(2+)的正離子，以及Cl^- ＞ HCO_3^- ＞ NO_3^- ＞ SO_4^(2-)的負離子。季風期前正負離子皆受到岩石風化的影響，季風期時則會受到降雨的影響而變動。通過灌溉用水的水質指標如鈉吸收率、碳酸鈉殘留、鈉百分比、滲透率指數、Wilcox and United States Salinity Laboratory Diagram等，分析結果顯示除去個別取樣，其餘水質檢測結果均在灌溉用水的標準區間。

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