Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Sediment Storage Dam Land with Different Silting Periods on Grain Yield of Maize

不同淤積期淤地壩地土壤養分特徵對玉米籽粒產量的影響

10.6937/TWC.202003/PP_68(1).0003

刑英英(YING-YING XING)；杜常亮(CHANG-LIANG DU)；王秀康(XIU-KANG WANG)

Soil nitrate nitrogen ； Soil ammonium nitrogen ； Soil available nitrogen ； Soil available potassium ； Sediment storage dam ； 土壤硝態氮 ； 土壤銨氮 ； 土壤速效氮 ； 土壤有效鉀 ； 淤地壩

台灣水利

68卷1期（2020 / 03 / 01）

26 - 35

英文

Large-scale sediment collection in the Loess Plateau of China resulting in many sediment storage dams were built. However, the effects of soil nutrients on maize grain yield at different silting periods are still unknown. A combination of field investigation and data analysis were used to study the effects of soil nutrients in different silting periods on the variation of maize yield at the sediment storage dam lands. Four areas: (1) ordinary land (CK), (2) 5-year sediment storage dam land (T5), (3) 10-year sediment storage dam land (T10) and (4) 30-year sediment storage dam land (T30) were evaluated in soil nutrients and grain yield of maize. The highest grain yield was obtained in T5 treatment (7,413 kg ha^(-1)), which was 4%, 15% and 23% higher than that of T10, T30 and CK treatments, respectively. The soil pH value in the sediment storage dam land decreased with the increase of silting period. Averaged soil depth, the soil electrical conductivity increased successively under four treatments: CK ＜ T10 ＜ T30 ＜ T5. The highest value of soil organic matter was obtained in T5 treatment, which was 5%, 20.8% and 26.4% higher than that in T10, T30 and CK treatment, respectively. The soil organic matter increased in the order: CK ＜ T30 ＜ T10 ＜ T5. Similar results were found in soil nitrate nitrogen (N), ammonium N and available N, but the soil available potassium in four treatments increased in the order: T30 ＜ T10 ＜ T5 ＜ CK. The available potassium content in the whole layer of soil was significantly different. The highest value of soil available phosphorus was obtained in T5, which was 16.2%, 19.1% and 29.6% higher than that in CK, T10 and T30 treatment, respectively. We recommend taking some measures to prevent the decline of soil organic matter content in sediment storage dam land. In particular, the precise potassium and phosphate fertilizer application management on sediment storage dam land is necessary in future practices. The results of this study facilitate the understanding of soil nutrients in sediment storage dam land with different silting period and provide effective strategies to prevent the soil nutrient reduction.

在中國黃土高原地區開展了大規模的泥沙收集工作，建成了許多淤地壩。但不同淤積期壩地土壤養分對玉米籽粒產量的影響尚不清楚。本文採用田間資料收集和資料分析相結合的方法，研究了不同淤積期土壤養分對壩地玉米產量變化的影響。試驗由四種壩地組成（1）普通土地（CK）；（2）5年淤地壩土地（T5）；（3）10年淤地壩土地（T10）和（4）30年淤地壩土地（T30）的土壤養分和玉米籽粒產量進行了評價。T5處理的籽粒產量最高（7,413 kg ha^(-1)），分別比T10、T30和CK處理高4%、15%和23%。淤地壩壩地土壤pH值隨淤積期的增加而降低。平均土層深度、土壤電導率在四種處理方式下依次升高順序為：CK ＜ T10 ＜ T30 ＜ T5。T5處理土壤有機質含量最高，分別比T10、T30和CK處理高5%、20.8%和26.4%。土壤有機質含量依次增加順序為：CK ＜ T30 ＜ T10 ＜ T5。土壤硝態氮（N）、銨態氮和速效氮也有相似的結果，但四種處理的土壤速效鉀含量依次增加順序為：T30 ＜ T10 ＜ T5 ＜ CK。全層土壤速效鉀含量差異顯著。土壤有效磷在T5中最高，分別比CK、T10和T30處理高16.2%、19.1%和29.6%。建議採取相應措施，防止淤地壩區土壤有機質含量下降。特別是對淤地壩土地進行精確的鉀磷肥施用管理是今後需要做的工作。研究結果提高了對不同淤積期淤地壩區土壤養分的認識，為防止淤地壩區土壤養分減少提供了有益的對策。

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