Effect of Re-injecting Water Associated with Oil (Produced Water) in the Oil Production Process on Groundwater Quality in Masila Fields in Hadhramout, Yemen

產油過程中回灌油水（采出水）對於地下水質量的影響－以葉門哈德拉毛省Masila油田為例

10.6937/TWC.202009/PP_68(3).0006

Saleh Mohammed Saleh Altamimi；Hamoon Khelghat-Doost；Mohd Sayuti Hassan

Produced water ； Underground injection ； Groundwater ； Masila fields ； 采出水 ； 地下回灌 ； 地下水 ； Masila油田

台灣水利

68卷3期（2020 / 09 / 01）

66 - 76

英文

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of produced water reinjection on the groundwater in Masila fields in Yemen with emphasis on the following districts: Tarim, Sah, Gail Bin Yamin and Taribah which are geographically close to petroleum activities. The study has been enhanced by a literature review and questionnaire survey as a form of quantitative research. Produced water contains heavy metals and dangerous chemical substances, the re-injection into formations may directly contaminate the drinking water formations at near, contributing hazardous consequences to the environment, particularly the drinking water quality degradation. In the Masila fields, the Harshiyat formation is injected with produced water, yet, it locates near to the Mukalla formation that contains potable water. Consequently, the quality of water in the Hadhramout Governorate has strayed ever further from acceptable standards, especially in those districts closest to the petroleum activities have suffered from the non-compliance of oil companies with matters of environmental safety, and the application of unsafe and illegal methods in the disposal process of oil waste. The toxicity of produced water effluent can be reduced when treatment is made before the reinjection to underground.

本研究通過文獻綜述和問卷調查進行本次定量研究，旨在評估回灌采出水對於葉門Masila油田一帶地下水的影響，尤其是比鄰石油開採工程的Tarim, Sah, Gail Bin Yamin和Taribah等區域。采出水往往含有重金屬以及化學物質，因此，將采出水回灌至地層極有可能污染處於臨近地層的飲用水，對環境產生負面影響，同時導致飲用水質量下降。在Masila油田一區的Harshiyat地層是采出水回灌的主要地層，然而，其比鄰的Mukalla地層含有可飲用的水源。因此，哈德拉毛省的水質常年無法達到可接受之標準。比鄰石油工程的區域和人民則是承受石油公司不遵守環境安全事項、以及處理廢油過程中採用不安全和非法方式所帶來的後果。如果能在回灌至地下前對采出水採取措施，則可以降低水中的毒性。

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