Environmental Protection for Sustainable Agriculture

持續性農業之環境保護

10.6937/TWC.199106_39(2).0001

LI-JEN WEN(溫理仁)

台灣水利

39卷2期（1991 / 06 / 01）

1 - 31

英文;繁體中文

Owing to the ever-increasing population, rapid growth of urban development, acceleration of industralization and intensive cultivation for food production in modern agriculture, there are many pollution problems, which are complex and interacting. All pollutants coming from human activities contaminate and degrade the environment. Agricultural development for continuous food production is essential for feeding the densily populated people like Taiwan, for instance: its population density is now over 550 per km^2, which well exceeds 306 per km^2 of Japan, 229 per km^2 of U. K., 97 per km^2 of France and 187 per km^2 of Italy. Food production must be secured if people are to continue to be fed. Nevertheless, environmental protection is even more important. Continuous deterioration of the environment and destruction of the ecosystems will affect the survival of living things including man in the long run. The rational and wise use of natural resources is urged to provide the highest sustainable quality of production and living for humanity. Facing a great impact resulting from domestic sewage and industrial air, water and solid pollutions, agriculture has its own pollution problems such as sediments due to soil erosion; water pollution due to fertilizer application, use of pesticides and disposal of livestock wastes: ground-water depletion and land subsidence due to aquaculture; soil and ground-water contamination; crop residue waste and air pollution; public health and so forth. In order to solve or to minimize the possible effects of the afforementioned problems, it is necessary to investigate and study each pollution problem and its control measures in corporation with agricultural activities. At present, we have reached a point of confrontation between economic development and environmental protection. Strict enforcement of pollution control law is of paramount importance. However, paralled efforts are required for continued research to develop new and better approaches in pollution abatement and to elucidate the fundamentals for establishment of control systems and measures. Some measures recommended to be taken for the selected problems resulting from agricultural activities are included in this report.

由於經濟快速成長、人口急遽增加、工商業加速發展、都市迅速擴展、現代農業集約經營等，造成諸多環境問題，其頗為複雜而相互關連，大部分染源來自人為，降低環境品質，造成公害。發展農業繼續生產糧食為軍糈民食所不可缺，尤其臺灣人口高於日本及歐洲各國，更需持續生產，以期糧食之自給自足，保證國計民生之安全。惟爲持續之農業生產，更需保護還境。如環境繼續惡化，生態系統被破壞，終將影響生物包括人類之生存。為持續最佳的生產及生活品質，合理妥當的自然資源保育與利用爲當務之急。除面臨工業及都市的空氣、水及固體汚染公害外，農業亦有其本身造成之汚染問題，例如土壤冲刷帶來之泥沙、施肥、農業使用及畜牧廢棄物所引起的汚染、養殖地下水起抽及地盤下陷、土壤及地下水汚染、農作物廢料及空氣汚染等。為解決或減少此等汚染公害，必須配合農業活動，調查研究每一個問題及其防治方法。目前客人已在經濟發展與環境保護的十字路口，當需嚴格執行汚染防治法規，惟仍需繼續研究發展更新更佳防治汚染的途徑，並建立有效的防治系統及方法。本文就農業活動引起之重要汚染問題，提出分析及建議，以供参考。