目標函數對水庫卽時操作之影響

Investigation of the Objective Functions for Real-Time Reservoir Operation

10.6937/TWC.199106_39(2).0003

張斐章(Fl-JOHN CHANG)；陳莉(LI CHEN)

台灣水利

39卷2期（1991 / 06 / 01）

50 - 58

繁體中文;英文

本文旨在探討數理規劃模式中目標函數之選取對水庫卽時操作的影響。成本與效益分析於水庫系統規劃操作常是非常的昂貴或是不甚可靠的（如缺乏真實數據），因此一個「真正的」損失（或收益）函數可能無法獲得。推求一「好」及「有效」的目標函數使水庫操作能有效的獲得改進是值得深入研究的，本文以4種常用於水資源規劃之目標函數為試驗對象，並以臺北市翡翠水庫年平均流量及乾旱年之流量及操作資料為研究案例。結果顯示，一以强調使各標的損失差額之最大差額能達到最小的目標函數比其它目標函數能達到較理想的操作方式。本結果進一步的强化Houck（1982）所提出之觀念，卽由於對未來入流量無法準確的預測，利用一損失函數，以取代真正的損失，使水庫操作的效益得以增加是可能的。

The effects of objective functions of mathematical programming model for real-time reservoir operation is explored. Because the cost-benefit analysis of reservoir operating system may be very expensive and unreliable, a "true" loss (or benefit) objective function can not be obtained. The type of good and efficient objective function is, hence, worth to investigate, so the performance of reservoir operation can be improved. Four types of objective functions, which have been frequently used in reservoir operating systems, are tested for their performances by using the data of Feitsu reservoir, Taipei. The results show that the objective function, which tends to balance the goals of storage and release, is superior to the others. This results enhance the issue which proposed by Houck (1982), that owing to imperfect forecasts of future inflows, the use of loss function, other than the true loss function, may improve reservoir operations.