華江濕地清疏浚挖之二維水理與輸砂模擬

The Two Dimensional Hydraulic and Sediment Transport Simulation of Dredging Scenarios in Huajiang Wetland

10.6937/TWC.202306_71(2).0004

張向寬(HSIANG-KUAN CHANG)；李豐佐(FONG-ZUO LEE)；程于芬(YU-FEN CHENG)

濕地整治及改善 ； 河川防洪風險 ； 二維水理與輸砂模擬 ； 底床泥砂回淤 ； wetland restoration and improvement ； risk of river flood control ； two-dimensional hydraulic and sediment transport simulation ； sediment accumulation

台灣水利

71卷2期（2023 / 06 / 01）

40 - 54

繁體中文;英文

近年來淡水河流域河道兩岸高灘地河濱公園陸續闢建，急速的人為開發與構造物興建，已使淡水河的防洪負擔加劇，另外依據歷年河川大斷面高程測量資料，淡水河與新店溪河床高程已逐漸回淤至1969年（開放採砂第一年）的河床高程（水利署，2021），顯示近年來淡水河與新店溪河道及高灘地有逐年淤積的趨勢，其中華江濕地陸域化態勢已相當嚴重，經過長年的淤積不僅原有內河道已淤積無法通水，區域內亦生長許多高大之樹木，造成華江濕地雁鴨棲地品質惡化相當明顯；而河道及濕地淤積會影響河川的通洪能力，並增加新店溪上游的防洪壓力，因此本研究針對新店溪淡水河匯流口高灘地及周邊環境進行濕地整治及改善等規劃工作，以降低河川防洪風險、生態保育與環境復育等為目標，並利用美國墾務局所發展河川水理動床數值模式（Sedimentation and River Hydraulics-Two-Dimension，SRH-2D）進行二維水理與輸砂模擬，分析各改善方案在防洪計畫流量之新店溪洪水位、濕地二維流場與底床泥砂回淤情形，以作為未來高灘地疏濬防洪與溼地復育規劃管理之重要參考。

In recent years, rapid development and extensive construction of structures have taken place along the riverside parks on both sides of the Tamsui River Basin, resulting in an increased burden on flood control for the Tamsui River. In addition, the elevation measurement data of river sections over the years reveals the gradual regression of riverbed elevations of the Tamsui River and Xindian River to levels observed in 1969, the year when open sand mining begain. (Water Resources Agency, 2021). This shows that the Tamsui River and Xindian River channels silt-up progressively and the high riverbanks in recent years. Among them, the Huajiang Wetland has experienced a significant increase in territorialization. Prolonged siltation has resulted in the silted up original inland channel and the growth of tall trees in the area, which significantly deteriorated the quality of the wild duck habitat in the Huajiang Wetland. The siltation of channels and wetlands will affect the river's flood conveyance capacity and increase the flood control pressure in the upper reaches of Xindian River. Therefore, this study focuses on planning wetland restoration and improving the high riverbank at the confluence of the Tamsui River and Xindian River, as well as their surrounding environment. This study aims to reduce the risk of river flood control, carry out ecological conservation and environmental restoration. By using the Sedimentation and River Hydraulics-Two-Dimension (SRH-2D) developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for two-dimensional hydraulic and sediment transport simulation, we will analyze the flood level of Xindian River in the flood control plan discharge, the two-dimensional flow distribution and sediment accumulation of each dredging scenarios in Huajiang Wetland. The study will serve as an important reference for the planning and management of high riverbank dredging, flood control and wetland restoration in future.

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