Competition Between the Increased Irrigation by Expansion of Oasis and Water-saving by Improved Efficiency in the Hexi Corridor

河西走廊綠洲擴張增加的灌溉與提高效率帶來的節水之間的競爭

10.6937/TWC.202406_72(2).0004

JIANKUN WANG(王建坤)；CHENFENG CUI(崔晨風)；MINGTAO LIU(劉明濤)；ZHANNAN HUANG(黃戰難)；CHENGYUAN ZHANG(張成媛)；KE ZHAI(翟科)

Inland Inland River Basin ； Irrigation efficiency ； Water resources development and utilization ； Ecological environment ； 內陸河流域 ； 灌溉效率 ； 水資源開發利用 ； 生態環境

台灣水利

72卷2期（2024 / 06 / 01）

66 - 80

英文;繁體中文

The oasis of the Hexi Inland River Basin is a main food basket in northwest China and functions as a vital protective screen of defense against the encroachment of the desert. In the past decades, irrigated cropland has experienced rapid expansion, while at the same time, large-scale of water-saving renovation projects have been implemented in the region, which significantly improved the irrigation efficiency of farmland. However, the benefits of water saving accumulated in the region are not clear. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the competition between water-saving driven by improved irrigation efficiency and the increased irrigation demand imposed by cropland expansion. The main conclusions of the study were: (1) the implementation of water-saving technologies from 1994 to 2022 brought a cumulative water saving of 56.4 billion m^3, and during the same period, the irrigated farmland in the Hexi Corridor increased by 68%, bringing 33.9 billion m^3 of irrigation demand, 60% of the water-saving achievement reused for re-irrigating; (2) the oasis area of the Hexi Corridor should be maintained at about 1.6×10^4 km^2 and the area of irrigated farmland should be maintained at about 0.63×10^4 km^2 under 70% of water resources utilization.

河西內陸河流域綠洲是中國西北地區的主要糧食生產基地，也是抵禦沙漠侵蝕的重要屏障。在過去的幾十年中，灌溉面積迅速擴大，與此同時，該地區實施了大規模的節水改造工程，大大降低了農田灌溉強度。然而，該地區積累的節水效益並不清楚。本文旨在評估提高灌溉效率所帶來的節水與耕地擴大所增加的灌溉需求之間的競爭。研究的主要結論是：（1）1994-2022年實施節水技術累計節水564億m^3，同期河西走廊農田灌溉面積增加68%，帶來灌溉需求339億m^3，節水成果的60%被回收用於再灌溉；（2）在水資源開發利用限度為70%的前提下，河西走廊綠洲面積應保持在1.6×10^4 km^2左右，農田灌溉面積保持在0.63×10^4 km^2左右。