洋腔洋調怎麼辦？──初級華語學習者聲調診斷系統建置與測試

The Implementation and Testing of Tone Analytic System for Beginning Chinese Learners

張循鋰(Chang, Hsun-Li)；張金蘭(Chang, Ching-Lan)

初級華語學習者 ； 華語語音教學 ； 語音診斷 ； 華語聲調 ； 五度制調值標記 ； Beginning Chinese Learners ； Mandrain Pronunciation Teaching ； Phonetic Diagnosis ； Mandarin Tones ； Five Level Tone Mark

北市大語文學報

23期（2020 / 12 / 01）

79 - 105

繁體中文;英文

華語聲調具有辨義的作用，對於母語非聲調語言的初級華語學習者來說具有一定難度。目前華語聲調教學以趙元任（1959）所提五度制調值標記為主要理論基礎，在教學時著重音高、音長等調值的描述，但對於學習者來說較為抽象，不但較難自行檢視發音，也缺少相對客觀的方式來具體呈現並比較教學者與學習者的聲調異同。有鑒於此，本研究之目的為建置一個使初級華語學習者能自行診斷聲調正確性的系統，以期提高其聲調學習效果。本研究為聲調診斷系統之初步建置，首先發展研究工具－「初級華語學習者聲調診斷系統」，其次邀請三位日本初級華語學習者為研究參與者，進行測試並於分析完診斷資料後，藉由訪談來蒐集研究參與者的使用心得。研究結果有二：一是測試結果，包括音高過低、聲調變化掌握不佳兩點；二是訪談結果，包括指出聲調學習難點，並認為需要客觀的診斷方式，以及具體且清楚的回饋等三點。因此，本系統具有圖像、文字、語音三種回饋方式對於學習者來說應是有幫助的。期望未來能運用於聲調教學中，為華語語音的教與學帶來助益。

Chinese tones play an important role in distinguishing meaning, which is difficult for beginner Chinese learners of non-tonal languages. At present, the teaching of Chinese tones is based on the five level tone mark proposed by Zhao Yuanren (1959). The teaching emphasizes on the description of pitch and length, but it is too abstract and difficult for learners. When examining pronunciation, there is also a lack of a relatively objective way to concretely present and compare the similarities and differences between the tones of the teacher and the learner. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to build a system that enables beginner Chinese learners to diagnose the correctness of tones by themselves and improve their tonal learning effects. In this research, the "Tone Diagnosis System for Elementary Chinese Learners" was developed first. Then, three Japanese learners of elementary Chinese were invited as study participants to perform tests and analyze the diagnostic data. Finally, we used focus group interviews to collect the experience of research participants. There are two research results: (1) In the test results, we found that the pitch is too low and the tone change is not well mastered were two main difficult points for the testers. (2) According to the interview results, we found that the learners wanted a diagnosis system which must give specific and clear feedbacks. Therefore, the proposed system has three feedback methods: image, text, and voice, which should be helpful to learners. In the future, the system can be used in the teaching of tones, which will help the teaching and learning of Chinese phonetics.