巾箱本與澤存堂本《廣韻》俗字比較－兼論與現今常用字關係

The Study of the Comparison of the Vulgar Characters in Jin-Xiang's Guangyun and Ze-Cun Tang's Guangyun-with Analysis of the Influences on the Currently Most Used Standard Characters

戴光宇(Tai, Kuang-Yu)

巾箱本《廣韻》 ； 澤存堂本《廣韻》 ； 俗字 ； 《常用國字標準字體表》 ； 常用字 ； Jin-Xiang's Guangyun ； Ze-Cun Tang's Guangyun ； vulgar characters ； currently most used standard characters ； List of Graphemes of Commonly-used Standard Chinese Characters

北市大語文學報

13期（2015 / 06 / 01）

141 - 187

繁體中文;英文

巾箱本《廣韻》為南宋時刻本，離成書時代不遠，本應為較佳版本；然以清初張士俊校刻的澤存堂本為底本所發行的《廣韻》在現今學界中亦頗為流行，影響甚大。今研究結果顯示：巾箱本《廣韻》俗字為377字，澤存堂本則是380字，兩版本俗字不同形者有36處，對應之正字不同形者有15處，正俗皆不同形者有18處，差異的情形為兩版本寫法上的固定不同、正俗字同形的明顯訛誤、其他錯誤等。再以《常用國字標準字體表》比對澤存堂本《廣韻》正俗字，得現今常用字同《廣韻》正字者為203字，同《廣韻》俗字者為75字；觀察《廣韻》中被冠以「俗」的現今常用字，僅出現在注文的只有三個字，表明絕大多數現今常用字在《廣韻》時代不論屬正字或被冠以「俗」者，在當時皆是習用字，說明了千餘年來常用字字形穩定，然「正俗」之地位認定則有升降。

The "Jin-Xiang's Guangyun" (巾箱本廣韻) was published when was close to the "Guangyun" was written, so it should be regarded as a good edition. However, the "Ze-Cun Tang's Guangyun (澤存堂本廣韻) " is a more popular and influential edition in the academia. Are those vulgar characters from both editions of "Guangyun" the same? What are the characteristics if they are different from each other? How did the currently most used standard characters develop from those standard and vulgar characters in "Guangyun"? The above questions are discussed in this thesis. After comparing the characters, the researcher found there are 377 vulgar characters in the "Jin-Xiang's Guangyun", and 380 in the "Ze-Cun Tang's Guangyun". Analyzing 36 differences in vulgar characters between two editions, the researcher found 15 differences in standard characters corresponding to vulgar characters, and 18 differences in both standard and vulgar characters. The distinctions are the fixed differences, the same shapes used in standard and vulgar characters, and other errors. Comparing "Ze-Cun Tang's Guangyun" with the "List of Graphemes of Commonly-used Standard Chinese Characters"(常用國字標準字體表), we can find that 203 standard characters and 75 vulgar ones are similar to the currently most used standard characters. By observing the so-called "vulgar characters" from "Guangyun" in the footnote, there are only three, which means whether standard or vulgar characters were commonly used contemporarily, they were all in formal uses. This indicates that the currently most used Chinese characters have remained stable shapes, and both standard and vulgar characters are marked by vicissitudes during the past 1000 years.

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