說殷卜辭術語「敘辭」、「命辭」、「占辭」、「驗辭」的回顧史研究

The Structure of "Narrative Phrases," "Directive Phrases," "Divinatory Phrases," and "Verification Phrases" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

何贊勝(He, Zan-Sheng)

敘辭 ； 命辭 ； 占辭 ； 驗辭 ； 句段 ； narrative phrases(Xùcí) ； directive phrases (Mìngcí) ； divinatory phrases (Zhāncí) ； verification phrases (Yàncí) ； paragraph (句段)

北市大語文學報

30期（2024 / 06 / 01）

1 - 36

繁體中文;英文

學界習慣以「敘辭」、「命辭」、「占辭」、「驗辭」等術語，分析甲骨卜辭的結構。已有學者指出這四個術語，最早出自於1936年唐蘭〈卜辭時代的文學和卜辭文學〉的「敘事」、「命辭」、「占辭」、「占驗」。但對於這些術語在甲骨學史上的發展，較少論及。本文以學術史角度切入，簡要回顧在唐蘭「敘命占驗」觀念在甲骨學史上的承先與啟後，並比較諸家對這些術語的定義與釋例，發現胡厚宣〈甲骨學緒論〉中，關於「敘辭」、「命辭」、「占辭」、「驗辭」定名、釋例，對於這種「敘命占驗」結構分析的確立與推廣，也佔有一席之地。本文並接續討論往後學者所注意到的非典型的敘辭、命辭。最後，辨析「段落結構」一詞套用在甲骨卜辭上是否適用，及改稱「句段」的可行性。

Scholars have traditionally used terms such as "narrative phrases," "directive phrases," "divinatory phrases," and "verification phrases" to analyze the structure of oracle bone inscriptions. It has been noted that these four terms originated from Tang Lan's 1936 work "Literature of the Divination Era and Divinatory Literature," which used the terms "narrative," "directive phrases," "divinatory phrases," and "divinatory verification." However, there has been little discussion on developing these terms in the history of oracle bone studies. This paper briefly reviews the influence of Tang Lan's concept of "narrative, directive, divinatory, and verification" in the history of oracle bone studies, comparing definitions and examples provided by various scholars. It is found that Hu Houxuan's "Introduction to Oracle Bone Studies" played a significant role in establishing and promoting the structure division of "narrative, directive, divinatory, and verification" through its naming and examples. The paper further discusses the atypical narrative and directive phrases noticed by later scholars. Finally, it analyzes the applicability of the term "paragraph structure" to oracle bone inscriptions and the feasibility of renaming it as "sentence segments."