英文摘要
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Social enterprises is different from the traditional non-profit organizations which rely on financial support . It use commercial method to earn capital which can change the world. And Social Enterprise is also different from the traditional profit organizations which produce social and environmental issues when they earn money. In contrast, social enterprises are established to solve social and environmental problems, and continue to adopt a more friendly mode of operation to society and the environment .
In the United States, a benefit corporation is a type of for-profit corporate entity, authorized by 30 U.S. states and the District of Columbia that includes positive impact on society, workers, the community and the environment in addition to profit as its legally defined goals. A community interest company is a type of company introduced by the United Kingdom government in 2005 under the Companies (Audit, Investigations and Community Enterprise) Act 2004, designed for social enterprises that want to use their profits and assets for the public good. R.O.C is led by the Ministry of Economic Affairs to promote social enterprise action program(社會企業行動方案). Hope that through youth entrepreneurship and new venture to join the social enterprise. To achieve economic growth , solve environmental problems, community development and other multiple effects. This study is try to comparative the legislative mode of social enterprise. Hoping for the development of social enterprises.
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参考文献
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周筱姿(2006)。《公設財團法人一般公認會計原則適用性探討》,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程碩士論文,台北。
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連結:
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Hansmann, Henry (2013). All firms are cooperatives – and so are governments. Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1-10.
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Llewellyn, Karl N. (1931). What Price Contract?—An Essay in Perspective. Yale Law Journal, Vol. 40, No. 5, 704-751.
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Jensen, Michael C. and Meckling, William H. (1976).Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure, Journal of Financial Economics (JFE), Vol. 3, No. 4, 305-360.
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Kerlin, J. A. (2006). Social Enterprise in the United States and Europe: Understanding and Learning from the Differences. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 17(3), 247-263.
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Wolfram Müller-Freienfels (1964). Legal Relations in the Law of Agency: Power of Agency and Commercial Certainty. The American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 13, No. 2, 193-215.
連結:
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Social Enterprise Law Tracker網站 http://socentlawtracker.org/#/map
連結:
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壹、中文文獻
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王澤鑑(2008)。《民法總則》,增訂版。台北:自刊。
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王文宇(2008)。《公司法論》,第四版。台北:元照。
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王千維(2014)。《由合夥組織之四大原則看合夥人之更易》。台北:新學林。
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林淑馨(2016)。《非營利組織管理》,增訂二版。台北:三民。
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社企流(2016)。《社企力!社會企業=翻轉世界的變革力量。用愛創業,做好事又能獲利》。台北:果力文化。
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楊岳平(2011)。《公司治理與公司社會責任: 企業併購下股東、債權人、員工、投資人之保護》。台北:元照。
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劉連煜(2010)。《現代公司法》,增訂六版。台北:新學林。
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劉子琦(2015)。《英國社會企業之旅─以公民參與實現社會得利的經濟行動》。台北:新自然主義。
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賴英照(2007)。《賴英照說法,從內線交易到企業社會責任》。台北:聯經。
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二、書之篇章
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官有垣(2013)。〈社會企業在臺灣的發展─概念、特質與類型〉,收於:官有垣、陳錦棠、陸宛蘋、王仕圖(編),《社會企業─臺灣與香港的比較》,頁61-94。高雄:巨流圖書。
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Defourny, J. & Nyssens, M.(著),王仕途、官有垣(譯)(2013)。〈歐洲與美國的社會企業和社會創業精神的概念內涵:趨同與分歧〉,收於:官有垣、陳錦棠、陸宛蘋、王仕圖(編),《社會企業:臺灣與香港的比較》,頁28-60。高雄:巨流圖書。
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三、期刊論文
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王文宇(2016)。〈揭開法人的神秘面紗─論民事主體的法典化〉,《清華法學》,第五期,頁104-106。
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江朝聖(2015)。〈論社會企業組織法制—以公益公司法為中心〉,《全國律師》,9月號,頁40-52。
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朱曉娟(2015)。〈論合作社制度在民法典體系中的定位〉,《第五屆兩岸民商法前沿論壇─民法典編攥與創制發展論文集》,頁1326。
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易明秋(2014)。〈美國社會企業法律之創建—制度分析與觀察〉,《非營利組織管理學刊》,第16期,頁80-106。
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洪令家(2015)。〈社會企業之治理架構初探:以英美規範為基礎〉,《全國律師》,第19卷第9期,頁62-74。
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張永健(2015)。〈財產獨立與資產分割之理論架構〉,《月旦民商法雜誌》,No.50,頁87-103。
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曾宛如(2003)。〈股東與股東會─公司法未來修正方向之芻議〉,《月旦法學雜誌》,第95期,頁110-122。
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蔡嘉昇(2014)。〈善用稅制鼓勵社會企業〉,《稅務旬刊》,第2272期,頁24-26。
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四、學位論文
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鄭勝分(2005)。〈歐美社會企業發展及其在台灣應用之研究〉,國立政治大學公共行政系博士論文,台北。
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五、網路文獻
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公司法全盤修正修法委員會(2016)。《公司法全盤修正修法建議》,頁479-480。載於:http://www.scocar.org.tw/。
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林怡君(2007)。〈英國社會企業發展之研究〉,《台灣綜合研究院社會福利研究報告》。載於:http://www.tri.org.tw/welfare/page/03-1.html。
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貳、英文文獻
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一、書籍
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Brandeis, Louis Dembitz (1914), Other People’s Money and How the Bankers Use It . New York : Stokes.
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Cheffins, Brian R. (2007), Company Law: Theory, Structure, and Operation .Oxford University Press.
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Easterbrook, Frank H. and Fischel, Daniel R. (1996). The Economic Structure of Corporate Law . Harvard University Press.
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Orts, Eric W. (2013). Business Persons: A Legal Theory of the Firm, Oxford University Press.
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Salamon, L. M. & Associates (1999). Global Civil Society: Dimensions of Nonprofit Sector, Boulder. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Social Studies.
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二、期刊論文
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Hansmann, Henry and Kraakman, Reinier and Squire, Richard (2006). Law and the Rise of the Firm. Harvard Law Review, Vol. 119, No. 5, 1333-1403.
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Langevoort, Donald C. (2003). Agency Law Inside the Corporation: Problems of Candor and Knowledge. University of Cincinnati Law Review, Vol. 71, Issue 4, 1187-1231.
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Murray, J. Haskell (2014). Social Enterprise Innovation: Delaware’s Public Benefit Corporation Law. Harvard Business Law Review , Vol. 4, Issue 2, 345-371.
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Orts, Eric W. (1998). Shirking and Sharking: A Legal Theory of the Firm. Yale Law and Policy Review, Vol. 16, Issue 2, 265-329.
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Raz, Keren G. (2012). Toward an Improved Legal form for Social Enterprise. New York University Review of Law & Social Change ,Vol. 36, Issue 2, 283.
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Thomas, Antonio (2004). The Rise of Social Cooperatives in Italy. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Vol. 15, No. 3. 243-263.
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三、網路文獻
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Alter, K (2004). Social Enterprise Typology. Retrieved from http://www.4lenses.org/setypology
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Boschee, J. and McClurg, J. (2003). Toward a Better Understanding of Social Entrepreneurship: Some Important Distinctions. Retrieved from at www.se-alliance.org/better_understanding.pdf
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Dees, J. Gregory, Emerson, Jed (1998). Enterprising nonprofit. January–February 1998 issue of Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/1998/01/enterprising-nonprofits
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Dees, J. Gregory (2001). The Meaning of“Social Entrepreneurship”. Retrieved from https://entrepreneurship.duke.edu/news-item/the-meaning-of-social-entrepreneurship/
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Department of Trade and Industry (2002). Social enterprise: a strategy for success. Retrieved from http://www.faf-gmbh.de/www/media/socialenterpriseastrategyforsucess.pdf
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MODEL BENEFIT CORPORATION LEGISLATION With Explanatory Comments (Version of January 13, 2016). Retrieved from http://benefitcorp.net/sites/default/files/Model%20Benefit%20Corp%20Legislation_2016.pdf.
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四、研討會論文
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Pelchat, Marie-Claude(2004). Enterprizing Asian NPOs: Social Entrepreneurship in Taiwan. Paper presented at the conference of Asian Foundations and Organizations (CAFO).
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參、網頁資料
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一、中文網站
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社會福祉及社會企業公益信託循環基金http://sertpublic.weebly.com/。
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台灣公益團體自律聯盟http://twnpos.org.tw/team/team_list.php
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二、外文網站
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OECD網站 https://www.oecd.org
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AVPN網站 https://avpn.asia/
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GOV. UK網站 https://www.gov.uk
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ESELA網站 http://esela.eu/
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