最佳管理作業(BMPs)最佳化配置之研究 —應用於翡翠水庫集水區

10.6342/NTU.2004.01624

仇士愷

非點源污染 ； 水質 ； 最佳管理作業 ； nps ； water quality ； BMPs

國立臺灣大學土木工程學系學位論文

2004年

碩士

徐年盛

繁體中文

近年來台灣地區已開始重視非點源污染之管制，對於非點源污染之控制方法，即最佳管理作業（Best Management Practices, 以下簡稱BMPs），亦有不少相關研究。雖然現行之水土保持法規已提供吾人建置相關之水利設施以滯留暴雨時期所產生之逕流量和泥砂量；然而，這些水利設施之設置通常僅針對局部小區域來考慮，並未針對整個廣泛集水區域以系統方法加以考量。本研究之目的即以整個集水區、河道及水庫為研究範圍，建立一優選模式以決定集水區內最佳管理作業之最佳化配置。本模式包括四個重要部份：集水區模擬模式（採用Virginia Stormwater model, VAST)；河道水質演算模式(採用一階分解反應)；水庫優養模式（採用Vollenweider模式）及動態規劃優選模式（Dynamic Programming）。 本研究以翡翠水庫為例，利用動態規劃優選模式進行求解，採用總成本最小為優選模式之目標函數，限制式則為污染物濃度須達標準，包括總磷（Total Phosphorus, TP）、總懸浮固體（Total Suspended Solid, TSS）須達到水質標準。研究中模擬民國92年全年之流量及污染量並考慮各子集區之間之河道水質演算及水庫優養水質模式，以模擬逕流量在河道及水庫中之實際情形，所獲致之結果可提供水庫集水區未來實施非點源污染管制時之參考。

The nonpoint source pollution control is in the beginning stage in Taiwan. The techniques of nonpoint source pollution control, that is Best Management Practices (BMPs), already have several related research. Although the soil and water conservation law provides regulations that the land developer should capture the exceeding stormwater runoff and sediment due to any significant development in the watershed. Most of stormwater controls have been designed at the local, or on-site level, but not at the regional or watershed level in a comprehensive and systematic manner. The purpose of this study is to establish an optimization model for the optimal placement of structural Best Management Practices (BMPs) at the watershed scale. The complete model consists of four interacting components, i.e. a watershed water quality simulation model (Virginia Stormwater model, VAST), a river water quality model (first order decay reaction), a reservoir water quality model (adopted Vollenweider model) and an optimization model base on the dynamic programming (DP). This research takes Fei-Tsui Reservoir for example. In the optimization model, the objective function is to minimize the total cost of BMPs and constraints consider water quality standards for total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations. This study simulates the discharge and pollutant loading in 2003. The river water quality model simulates the change of pollutant concentration between subbasins. Also, the reservoir water quality model is embedded to simulate the pollutant concentration variation after the pollutant flow into Fei-Tsui Reservoir. The result can provide the decision makers with a clear and useful way for nonpoint pollution control and management at the watershed scale.

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