题名

使用行動社交網絡應用程式知識分享對虛擬生活幸福感之影響

并列篇名

The Impact of Knowledge Sharing on Virtual Life Happiness Using Mobile Social Networking Application

DOI

10.6846/TKU.2017.00776

作者

黃冠嘉

关键词

知識分享 ; 行動社交網絡應用程式 ; 需求層次理論 ; 自我提升 ; 自我肯定 ; 調節焦點理論 ; 過去虛擬經驗 ; 虛擬生活幸福感 ; Knowledge sharing ; mobile social networking applications (MSNA) ; Maslow’s hierarchy need theory ; Self-enhancement ; Self-affirmation ; Regulatory Focus Theory ; Past experience ; virtual life happiness

期刊名称

淡江大學會計學系碩士班學位論文

卷期/出版年月

2017年

学位类别

碩士

导师

方郁惠

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

近年來,在資訊科技進步與網路新興科技發展的浪潮下,各類型的行動社交網絡應用程式(mobile social networking application,以下簡稱MSNA)如雨後春筍般蓬勃發展,諸如Facebook、Twitter、LINE等越來越多的行動社交網絡應用程式(MSNA)已改變人們的溝通方式,透過網際網路人們可以跨越時空、地域的限制,基於不同目的作經驗、情感、價值觀、資訊及知識的交流。本研究主要是根據需求層次理論(Maslow’s hierarchy need theory ,1954)來探討成員使用MSNA的知識分享行為。本研究想了解自我提升及自我肯定等因素,是否為影響使用MSNA知識分享的重要前置因素 ? 同時,探討人們在MSNA中進行知識分享是否受到調節焦點理論而影響其知識分享的意願 ? 並探討人們在MSNA中進行知識分享是否能獲得幸福感 ? 此外,亦想了解過去的虛擬社群經驗是否會影響人們在MSNA中的知識分享及幸福感受。因此,本研究以Line代表行動社交網絡應用程式(MSNA)為研究標的,探討Line群組成員的知識分享及其對虛擬生活幸福感之影響。

英文摘要

As advancement and the development of information technology, various types of mobile social networking applications (MSNA) have sprung up, such as Facebook, Twitter, and LINE. The MSNAs have changed the way of people communication. Through the Internet people can exchange experiences, emotions, values, information, and knowledge across time and space for different purposes. This study is based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory (1954) to explore the use of MSNA knowledge sharing behavior. We think that members are willing to share knowledge is based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Therefore, this study would like to know whether Self-enhancement and Self-affirmation were an important prerequisites for knowledge sharing in MSNA, and whether knowledge sharing in MSNA is affected by different personality traits. Besides, we want to understand whether they will be able to share knowledge in MSNA, and whether they will be able to share knowledge and share their happiness in MSNA. Therefore, this study uses Line as the research object to explore the Line group members of the knowledge sharing behavior in MSNA and its impact on virtual life happiness.

主题分类 商管學院 > 會計學系碩士班
社會科學 > 財金及會計學
参考文献
  1. 朱文禎, & 陳哲賢. (2007). 探討虛擬社群之知識分享行為: 以線上遊戲社群為例. Electronic Commerce Studies, 5(1), 55-80.
    連結:
  2. 邢雅嵐. (2012). 以理性行為探討學生對知識分享行為研究. 大同大學資訊經營學系所學位論文, 1-74.
    連結:
  3. 林奇秀, & 陳一帆. (2011). 淺析網路社群知識分享實證研究如何構思社會資本概 念. 圖書資訊學刊, 9(2), 55-89.
    連結:
  4. 林錦郎, 張可立, & 張松山. (2015). 從社會資本觀點探討即時通訊 LINE 知識分享行為. 全球商業經營管理學報, (7), 135-147.
    連結:
  5. 林鴻銘. (2011). 調節焦點對廣告說服的影響-訊息處理之角色. International Journal, 3(1), 039-052.
    連結:
  6. 馬慶玲. (2010).調節焦點影響廣告效果之研究. 政治大學心理學研究所學位論文, 1-138.
    連結:
  7. 陳靖旻. (2008). 影響虛擬社群成員知識分享因素之探討-社會資本理論觀點. 中央大學資訊管理學系學位論文, 1-62.
    連結:
  8. 龔振源. (2009). 以理性行動理論探討內部稽核人員知識分享意圖. 成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班 (EMBA) 學位論文, 1-193.
    連結:
  9. Alexandrov, A., Lilly, B., & Babakus, E. (2013). The effects of social-and self-motives on the intentions to share positive and negative word of mouth. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(5), 531-546.
    連結:
  10. Amichai-Hamburger, Y., Kaynar, O., & Fine, A. (2007). The effects of need for cognition on Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 880-891.
    連結:
  11. Ardichvili, A., Page, V., & Wentling, T. (2002). Virtual Knowledge‐Sharing Communities of Practice at Caterpillar: Success Factors and Barriers. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 15(3), 94-113.
    連結:
  12. Arkin, R. M. (1981). Self-presentation styles. Impression management theory and social psychological research, 311, 333.
    連結:
  13. Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 16(1), 74-94.
    連結:
  14. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource?. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(5), 1252.
    連結:
  15. Benabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2003). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The review of economic studies, 70(3), 489-520.
    連結:
  16. Bennett, R., Härtel, C. E., & McColl-Kennedy, J. R. (2005). Experience as a moderator of involvement and satisfaction on brand loyalty in a business-to-business setting 02-314R. Industrial marketing management, 34(1), 97-107.
    連結:
  17. Blau, P. 1964. Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York:Wiley.
    連結:
  18. Bock, G. W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS quarterly, 87-111.
    連結:
  19. Borman, G. D., Hewes, G. M., Overman, L. T., & Brown, S. (2003). Comprehensive school reform and achievement: A meta-analysis. Review of educational research, 73(2), 125-230.
    連結:
  20. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss v. 3 (Vol. 1). Random House. Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D.(2009). Methods and measures: The network of relationships inventory: Behavioral systems version. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 470-478.
    連結:
  21. Bryant, F. B., & Veroff, J. (1982). The structure of psychological well-being: a sociohistorical analysis. Journal of personality and social psychology, 43(4), 653.
    連結:
  22. Cao, H., Jiang, J., Oh, L. B., Li, H., Liao, X., & Chen, Z. (2013). A Maslow's hierarchy of needs analysis of social networking services continuance. Journal of Service Management, 24(2), 170-190.
    連結:
  23. Chang, H. H., & Chuang, S. S. (2011). Social capital and individual motivations on knowledge sharing: Participant involvement as a moderator. Information & management, 48(1), 9-18.
    連結:
  24. Chiu, C. M., Hsu, M. H., & Wang, E. T. (2006). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories. Decision support systems, 42(3), 1872-1888.
    連結:
  25. Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Shih, F. J., & Fan, Y. W. (2011). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: an integration of expectancy disconfirmation and justice theories. OnLine Information Review, 35(1), 134-153.
    連結:
  26. Chuter, T. A. M., Wendt, G., Hopkinson, B. R., Scott, R. A. P., Risberg, B., Walker, P. J., & White, G. (1995). Transfemoral insertion of a bifurcated endovascular graft for aortic aneurysm repair: the first 22 patients. Vascular, 3(2), 121-128.
    連結:
  27. Cohen, G. L., & Sherman, D. K. (2014). The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 333-371.
    連結:
  28. Connelly, C. E., & Kevin Kelloway, E. (2003). Predictors of employees' perceptions of knowledge sharing cultures. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(5), 294-301.
    連結:
  29. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. Journal of personality and social psychology, 38(4), 668.
    連結:
  30. Crowe, E., & Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory focus and strategic inclinations: Promotion and prevention in decision-making. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 69(2), 117-132.
    連結:
  31. Cummings, J. N. (2004). Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization. Management science, 50(3), 352-364.
    連結:
  32. Cummings, J. N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103-108.
    連結:
  33. Darroch, J., & McNaughton, R. (2002). Examining the link between knowledge management practices and types of innovation. Journal of intellectual capital, 3(3), 210-222.
    連結:
  34. Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business Press.
    連結:
  35. De Vries, R. E., Van den Hooff, B., & de Ridder, J. A. (2006). Explaining knowledge sharing the role of team communication styles, job satisfaction, and performance beliefs. Communication research, 33(2), 115-135.
    連結:
  36. Defay, T. R., & Cohen, F. E. (1996). Multiple sequence information for threading algorithms. Journal of molecular biology, 262(2), 314-323.
    連結:
  37. Dholakia, U. M., Bagozzi, R. P., & Pearo, L. K. (2004). A social influence model of consumer participation in network-and small-group-based virtual communities. International journal of research in marketing, 21(3), 241-263.
    連結:
  38. Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual review of psychology, 54(1), 403-425.
    連結:
  39. Dixon, Nancy. M. (2000). Common knowledge: How companies thrive by sharing what they know. Harvard Business School Press.
    連結:
  40. Dorsey, D. W. (2003). Hiring for knowledge-based competition. Managing knowledge for sustained competitive advantage: Designing strategies for effective human resource management, 21, 155.
    連結:
  41. Dunning, E., & Sheard, K. (2005). Barbarians, gentlemen and players: A sociological study of the development of rugby football. Psychology Press.
    連結:
  42. Erfani, S. S. (2015). Investigating the impacts of social network site use on the psychological well-being of cancer affected people.
    連結:
  43. Ghosh Chowdhury, T., Micu, C., Ratneshwar, S., & Kim, E. A. (2015). What to Get and What to Give Up: How Different Decision Tasks and Product Types Affect the Persuasiveness of Promotion‐versus Prevention‐Focused Messages. Psychology & Marketing, 32(9), 920-933.
    連結:
  44. Gibson, D. V., & Williams, F. (1990). Technology transfer. Newbury Park: Sage.
    連結:
  45. Gupta, A. K., & Govindarajan, V. (2000). Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic management journal, 473-496.
    連結:
  46. Headey, B., Veenhoven, R., & Wearing, A. (1991). Top-down versus bottom-up theories of subjective well-being. Social indicators research, 24(1), 81-100.
    連結:
  47. Hendriks, P. (1999). Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and process management, 6(2), 91.
    連結:
  48. Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American psychologist, 52(12), 1280.
    連結:
  49. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and individual differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.
    連結:
  50. Hu, X., Chu, T. H., Leung, V. C., Ngai, E. C. H., Kruchten, P., & Chan, H. C. (2015). A survey on mobile social networks: Applications, platforms, system architectures, and future research directions. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(3), 1557-1581.
    連結:
  51. Ilardi, B. C., Leone, D., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Employee and Supervisor Ratings of Motivation: Main Effects and Discrepancies Associated with Job Satisfaction and Adjustment in a Factory Setting1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23(21), 1789-1805.
    連結:
  52. Jiang, Z., & Hu, X. (2016). Knowledge sharing and life satisfaction: The roles of colleague relationships and gender. Social Indicators Research, 126(1), 379-394.
    連結:
  53. Kankanhalli, A., Tan, B. C., & Wei, K. K. (2005). Contributing knowledge to electronic knowledge repositories: an empirical investigation. MIS quarterly, 113-143.
    連結:
  54. Karahanna, E., Straub, D. W., & Chervany, N. L. (1999). Information technology adoption across time: a cross-sectional comparison of pre-adoption and post-adoption beliefs. MIS quarterly, 183-213.
    連結:
  55. Kashdan, T. B. (2004). The assessment of subjective well-being (issues raised by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire). Personality and individual differences, 36(5), 1225-1232.
    連結:
  56. Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 22(3), 280-287.
    連結:
  57. Keyes, C. L., & Magyar-Moe, J. L. (2003). The measurement and utility of adult subjective well-being.
    連結:
  58. Kim, J., & Lee, J. E. R. (2011). The Facebook paths to happiness: Effects of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation on subjective well-being.CyberPsychology, behavior, and social networking, 14(6), 359-364.
    連結:
  59. Kurman, J., & Hui, C. M. (2011). Promotion, prevention or both: Regulatory focus and culture revisited. OnLine Readings in Psychology and Culture, 5(3), 3.
    連結:
  60. Lam, S. Y., Shankar, V., Erramilli, M. K., & Murthy, B. (2004). Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: an illustration from a business-to-business service context. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 32(3), 293-311.
    連結:
  61. Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. Advances in experimental social psychology, 32, 1-62.
    連結:
  62. Lee, M. R., Yen, D. C., & Hsiao, C. Y. (2014). Understanding the perceived community value of Facebook users. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 350-358.
    連結:
  63. Ling, K. C., Chai, L. T., & Piew, T. H. (2010). The effects of shopping orientations, onLine trust and prior onLine purchase experience toward customers' onLine purchase intention. International Business Research, 3(3), 63.
    連結:
  64. Ma, W. W., & Chan, C. K. (2015). OnLine knowledge sharing and psychological well-being among Chinese college students. Journal of Communication and Education, 2 (1), 31-38.
    連結:
  65. Maslow, A. H. (1955). Motivation and personality. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 19(1), 77.
    連結:
  66. Michailova, S., & Husted, K. (2003). Knowledge-sharing hostility in Russian firms. California management review, 45(3), 59-77.
    連結:
  67. Möller, K., & Svahn, S. (2004). Crossing East-West boundaries: Knowledge sharing in intercultural business networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(3), 219-228.
    連結:
  68. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy?. Psychological science, 6(1), 10-19.
    連結:
  69. Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2010). Different roles, different strokes: Organizing virtual customer environments to promote two types of customer contributions. Organization Science, 21(2), 554-572.
    連結:
  70. Napper, L., Harris, P. R., & Epton, T. (2009). Developing and testing a self-affirmation manipulation. Self and Identity, 8(1), 45-62.
    連結:
  71. Omodei, M. M., & Wearing, A. J. (1990). Need satisfaction and involvement in personal projects: Toward an integrative model of subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 59(4), 762.
    連結:
  72. ong, C., Tak, W. I. W., & Wong, A. (2015). The impact of knowledge sharing on the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction: The perception of information communication and technology (ICT) practitioners in Hong Kong. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 5(1), 19.
    連結:
  73. Osterloh, M., & Frey, B. S. (2000). Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organizational forms. Organization science, 11(5), 538-550.
    連結:
  74. Pavlou, P. A., & Gefen, D. (2004). Building effective online marketplaces with institution-based trust. Information systems research, 15(1), 37-59.
    連結:
  75. Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological assessment, 5(2), 164.
    連結:
  76. Preece, J., Nonnecke, B., & Andrews, D. (2004). The top five reasons for lurking: improving community experiences for everyone. Computers in human behavior, 20(2), 201-223.
    連結:
  77. Pulakos, E. D. (2004). Performance Management: A roadmap for developing, implementing and evaluating performance management systems. SHRM Foundation.
    連結:
  78. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
    連結:
  79. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
    連結:
  80. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(4), 719.
    連結:
  81. Ryu, J. H., Lee, Y., Han, S. K., & Kim, H. Y. (2003). The role of hydrogen peroxide produced by polychlorinated biphenyls in PMR1-deficient yeast cells. Journal of biochemistry, 134(1), 137-142.
    連結:
  82. Sedikides, C., & Gregg, A. P. (2008). Self-enhancement: Food for thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(2), 102-116.
    連結:
  83. Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Kim, Y., & Kasser, T. (2001). What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs. Journal of personality and social psychology, 80(2), 325.
    連結:
  84. Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2006). The psychology of self‐defense: Self‐affirmation theory. Advances in experimental social psychology, 38, 183-242.
    連結:
  85. Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of consumer research, 9(3), 287-300.
    連結:
  86. Sobel、M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology、13、290-312.
    連結:
  87. Solberg, E. G., Diener, E., & Robinson, M. D. (2004). Why are materialists less satisfied?.
    連結:
  88. Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. Advances in experimental social psychology, 21, 261-302.
    連結:
  89. Tampoe, M. (1993). Motivating knowledge workers—the challenge for the 1990s. Long Range Planning, 26(3), 49-55.
    連結:
  90. Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological bulletin, 103(2), 193.
    連結:
  91. Taylor, S. E., Lehman, B. J., Kiefe, C. I., & Seeman, T. E. (2006). Relationship of early life stress and psychological functioning to adult C-reactive protein in the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Biological psychiatry, 60(8), 819-824.
    連結:
  92. Tseng, F. C., & Kuo, F. Y. (2014). A study of social participation and knowledge sharing in the teachers' onLine professional community of practice. Computers & Education, 72, 37-47.
    連結:
  93. Van Den Hooff, B., & De Ridder, J. A. (2004). Knowledge sharing in context: the influence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing. Journal of knowledge management, 8(6), 117-130.
    連結:
  94. Van Wijk, R., Jansen, J. J., & Lyles, M. A. (2008). Inter‐and intra‐organizational knowledge transfer: a meta‐analytic review and assessment of its antecedents and consequences. Journal of management studies, 45(4), 830-853.
    連結:
  95. VanYperen, N. W., Buunk, B. P., & Schaufeli, W. B. (1992). Communal Orientation and the Burnout Syndrome Among Nurses1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(3), 173-189.
    連結:
  96. Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is happiness relative?. Social indicators research, 24(1), 1-34.
    連結:
  97. Wang, S., & Noe, R. A. (2010). Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115-131..
    連結:
  98. Wasko, M. M., & Faraj, S. (2005). Why should I share? Examining social capital and knowledge contribution in electronic networks of practice. MIS quarterly, 35-57.
    連結:
  99. Weinstein, L. (1982). Syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count: a severe consequence of hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 37(7), 461-462.
    連結:
  100. White, J. A., & Plous, S. (1995). Self‐Enhancement and Social Responsibility: On Caring More, but Doing Less, Than Others. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25(15), 1297-1318.
    連結:
  101. Wiertz, C., & de Ruyter, K. (2007). Beyond the call of duty: Why customers contribute to firm-hosted commercial online communities. Organization studies, 28(3), 347-376.
    連結:
  102. Yeşil, S., Koska, A., & Büyükbeşe, T. (2013). Knowledge sharing process, innovation capability and innovation performance: an empirical study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 217-225.
    連結:
  103. Yoshida, M., & James, J. D. (2010). Customer satisfaction with game and service experiences: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of sport management, 24(3), 338-361.
    連結:
  104. 曹逸雯(2016),滑世代1/3上班時間靠即時通訊一般服務業黏著度最高,Retrieved August 16, 2016,取自: https://m.nownews.com/news/2206601
  105. 王筠雅、劉嘉珮 (2012).網路社群與幸福感之相關研究-以 FACEBOOK 為例.
  106. 江宗達, 蔡政倫, & 楊銘賢. (2008). 夥伴關係, 溝通品質與知識分享影響協同設計績效之研究. 中華民國資訊管理學會, 世新大學資訊管理系主辦, ICIM2009 第二十屆國際資訊管理學術研討會, 台北市. 二, 英文部份.
  107. 林東建. (2010).虛擬社群意識與社會支持對虛擬社群知識分享影響之研究: 以單車虛擬社群為例.
  108. 胡龍騰. (2008). 組織成員知識分享行為之影響因素: 文獻, 概念與命題. 論文發表於台灣公共行政與公共事務系所聯合會舉辦之 [2008 TASPAA 年會暨夥伴關係與永續發展] 國際學術研討會, 臺中市.
  109. 張鴻源. (2006). 以社會交換理論與社會資本理論探討員工知識分享意願之影響因素 (Doctoral dissertation).
  110. 許孟祥 & 黃文楨. (2011). 社交媒體中知識分享模型之建構與驗證.
  111. 郭玉美. (2011). 虛擬社群持續知識分享行為前置因素之研究─以Yahoo!奇摩知識﹢為例
  112. 郭芳婷. (2013).以休閒知覺自由及人際關係探討對於網路社群使用者主觀幸福感之影響—以 Facebook 為例.
  113. 陳美樺. (2006). 差序關係對知識分享意願及知識分享行為之影響. 未出版碩士, 國立東華大學國際企業學系, 花蓮縣.
  114. 英文部分
  115. Alhady, M., Idris, A., Sawal, M., Azmi, N., & Zakaria, Z. (2011). Knowledge sharing behavior and individual factors: A relationship study in the i-Class environment. In Proceeding of the international conference on management and artificial intelliegnce.
  116. Allameh, S. M., Broumand, S., Aghababapour, T., & Ghorbani, O. (2013). Studying the Impact of Attitude towards Knowledge Sharing on Employees' Happiness (Case Study: Employees of University of Isfahan). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(5), 115.
  117. Argyle, M. (1997). Happiness Psychology (Shijian Bin, Lu Luo translation). Taipei: strong current.(Original was published in 1987).
  118. Barlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information technology, learning, and performance journal, 19(1), 43.
  119. Blau, B. (1965). Das Ausnahmerecht für die Juden in Deutschland, 1933-1945. Verlag Allgemeine Wochenzeitung der Juden in Deutschland.
  120. Borman, W. C., Hedge, J. W., Ferstl, K. L., Kaufman, J. D., Farmer, W. L., & Bearden, R. M. (2003). Current directions and issues in personnel selection and classification. In Research in personnel and human resources management (pp. 287-355). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  121. Choi, J. H., Kim, S., Moon, J. Y., Kang, J., Lee, I., & Kim, J. (2014). Seek or provide: Comparative effects of onLine information sharing on seniors’ quality of life. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 34(1), 513-530.
  122. Chumg, H. F., Cooke, L., Fry, J., & Hung, I. H. (2015). Factors affecting knowledge sharing in the virtual organisation: Employees’ sense of well-being as a mediating effect. Computers in Human Behavior, 44, 70-80. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and individual differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.
  123. Corral-Verdugo, V., Mireles-Acosta, J., Tapia-Fonllem, C., & Fraijo-Sing, B. (2011). Happiness as correlate of sustainable behavior: A study of pro-ecological, frugal, equitable and altruistic actions that promote subjective wellbeing. Human Ecology Review, 18(2), 95-104.
  124. Fang, C. L., & Liu, W. C. (2002). The effects of personality on willingness and behavior of knowledge sharing.
  125. Hair, J. R. Jr., Black, W. C., Babin. B. J. and Anderson R. E.(2010), Multivariate Data Analysis (7th Ed.), Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  126. Marett, K., & Joshi, K. D. (2009). The decision to share information and rumors: Examining the role of motivation in an online discussion forum. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 24(1), 4.
  127. Nafstad, H. E., Carlquist, E., J?rgensen, I. S., & Blakar, R. M. (2004, July). Ideological shifts in society and assumptions in psychology: A challenge for positive psychology. In 2nd European Conference on Positive Psychology, Verbania Pallanza, Italy.
  128. Noh, M. (2008). Consumers' Prior Experience and Attitudes as Predictors of Their OnLine Shopping Beliefs, Attitudes, and Purchase Intentions in a Multichannel Shopping Environment. ProQuest.
  129. Senge, P. (1997). Sharing knowledge: The leader's role is key to a learning culture. Executive Excellence, 14, 17-17.
  130. Senge, P. (1998). Sharing Knowledge: You can't own knowledge, so why not share it?. Executive Excellence, 15, 11-12.
  131. Smith, M. A., & Kollock, P. (1999). Communities in cyberspace. Psychology Press.
  132. Taylor, S. E., & Sherman, D. K. (2008). Self-enhancement and self-Affirmation. Handbook of motivation science, 57.
  133. Venter, J. C., Adams, M. D., Myers, E. W., Li, P. W., Mural, R. J., Sutton, G. G., ... & Gocayne, J. D. (2001). The sequence of the human genome. science, 291(5507), 1304-1351.
  134. Yu, J., Jiang, Z., & Chan, H. C. (2007, April). Knowledge contribution in problem solving virtual communities: the mediating role of individual motivations. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMIS CPR conference on Computer personnel research: The global information technology workforce (pp. 144-152). ACM.