题名

個人組織變革準備、正向心理資本與工作態度關係之研究

并列篇名

Examining the Relationships among Individual Change Readiness,Positive Psychological Capital,and Work Attitudes

DOI

10.6846/TKU.2016.00994

作者

陳國平

关键词

個人組織變革準備 ; 正向心理資本 ; 工作態度 ; 組織變革 ; individual change readiness ; work attitudes ; positive psychological capital ; organizational change

期刊名称

淡江大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班學位論文

卷期/出版年月

2016年

学位类别

碩士

导师

汪美伶

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

面臨激烈的環境變化與日新月異的科技進展,銀行業已體認到組織變革的重要性,開始採取各種變革方案以因應Bank 3.0 時代的來臨。本研究目的在於檢驗員工個人組織變革準備對正向心理資本與工作態度的影響,同時驗證正向心理資本在個人組織變革準備與工作態度兩者關係間的中介效果。本研究針對國內某商業銀行的正式員工,利用問卷方式,收集425份資料,進行後續分析。層級迴歸分析結果顯示,個人組織變革準備分別對正向心理資本、工作態度具有顯著影響,正向心理資本亦對工作態度有顯著影響。此外,正向心理資本在個人組織變革準備與工作態度兩者間,具有顯著的中介效果。根據上述結果,提出相關理論與實務管理意涵。

英文摘要

Facing the increasingly changing environment and advanced technology, the banking industry has realized the importance of organizational change, and started to implement change programs to meet the new era of Bank 3.0. The study aims to examine the influence of individual change readiness on positive psychological capital and work attitudes as well as the mediating effect of positive psychological capital between individual change readiness and work attitudes. We collected 425 copies of effective questionnaires from full-time employees of the commercial bank in Taiwan, and then conducted subsequent analyses. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual change readiness had effects on positive psychological capital and work attitudes. Positive psychological capital also had significant effect on work attitudes. In addition, the relationships between individual change readiness and work attitudes were mediated by positive psychological capital. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

主题分类 商管學院 > 企業管理學系碩士在職專班
社會科學 > 管理學
参考文献
  1. 余明助、劉依蓉 (2013)。組織變革策略、工作壓力、正向心理資本與情感性變革承諾關係之研究。勞資關係論叢 14(2),43-67。
    連結:
  2. 葉瀚文 (2011)。子公司的組織變革—以脈絡論分析埔里酒廠的組織變革。國立暨南國際大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士論文。
    連結:
  3. Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (2003). The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process. Journal of Management, 29(1) 99-118.
    連結:
  4. Allen, Natalie J,, & John P. Meyer (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18.
    連結:
  5. Aryee, S., & Luk, V. (1996). Balancing two major parts of adult life experiences:Work and family identity among dual-earner couples. Human Relations, 49(4) 465-487.
    連結:
  6. Ashforth, B. E., & Lee, R. T. (1990). Defensive behavior in organizations: A Preliminary Model. Human Relations, 43 621-648.
    連結:
  7. Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S., & Luthans, F. (2008). Can positive employees help positive organizational change? Impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors. The Journal of Abehavioral Science, 44(1) 48-70.
    連結:
  8. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182
    連結:
  9. Baumeister, R. F., Gailliot, M. T., DeWall, C. N., & Oaten, M. (2006). Self-regulation and personality: How interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. Journal of Personality, 74 1773-1801.
    連結:
  10. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories and-II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(3), 588-597.
    連結:
  11. Beer, M., & Walton, A. E. (1987). Organization Change and Development. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 339-367.
    連結:
  12. Blau, G. J. (1998). On the aggregation of individual withdrawal behaviors into larger multi-item constructs. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19 437– 452.
    連結:
  13. Block, L. G., & Keller, P. A. (1998). Beyond protection motivation: An integrative theory of health appeals. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28 1584-1608.
    連結:
  14. Chreim, S. (2006). Postscript to change: Survivors' retrospective views of organizational changes. Personnel Review, 35(3), 315-335.
    連結:
  15. Chuang, S. C. (2007). Sadder but wiser or happier and smarter? A demonstration of judgment and decision-making. Journal of Psychology, 141 63-76.
    連結:
  16. Courpasson, D., Danny, F., & Clegg, S. R. (2012). Resister at work: Generating Productive Resistance in the workplace. Organization Science. Retrieved from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/259926486
    連結:
  17. Cunningham, C. E., Woodward, C. A., Shannon, H. S., MacIntosh, J., Lendrum, B., Rosenbloom, D., & Brown, J. ( 2002). Readiness for organizational change: A longitudinal study of workplace, psychological and behavioural correlates. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75 377-392.
    連結:
  18. Dishon-Berkovits, M., & Koslowsky, M. (2002). Determinants of employee punctuality. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(6), 723-739.
    連結:
  19. Dolen, W. V., Ruyter, K. D., & Lemmink, J. (2004). An empirical assessment of the influence of customer emotions and contact employee performance on encounter and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Business Research, 57(4), 437-444.
    連結:
  20. Falkenburg, K., & Schyns, B. (2007). Work satisfaction, organizational commitment and withdrawal behaviours. Management Research News, 30(10), 708-723.
    連結:
  21. Hames, K. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 8,192,420. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
    連結:
  22. Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1991). General attitudes and organizational withdrawal: An evaluation of a causal model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 39(1), 110-128.
    連結:
  23. Hanisch, K. A., Hulin, C. L., & Roznowski, M. (1998). The importance of individuals’ repertoires of behavior: The scientific appropriateness of studying multiple behaviors and general attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19 463–480.
    連結:
  24. Herth, K. (1992). Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17(10), 1251-1259.
    連結:
  25. Hewitt , G. M. (2004). Speciation, hybrid zones and phylogeography - orseeing genes in space and time. Molecular Ecology,10:537-549.
    連結:
  26. Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Field, H. S., & Harris, S. G. ( 2007). Readiness for organizational change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(2) 232-255.
    連結:
  27. Hurt, H. T., Joseph, K., & Cook, C. D. (1977). Scales for the measurement of innovativeness. Human Communications Research, 4(1) 58-65.
    連結:
  28. Johnson, L. H., Dahlen, R., & Robert, S. L. (1997). Supporting hope in congestive heart failure patients. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 16(2), 65-78.
    連結:
  29. Kanter, R. M. (1985). Managing the human side of change. Management Review, 74: 52–56.
    連結:
  30. Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied
    連結:
  31. Kirkman, Bradley L. & Debra L. Shapiro. (2001). The impact of cultural values on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in self-managing work teams: The mediating role of employee resistance. Academy of Management Journal 557-569.
    連結:
  32. Koeske, G., & Kirk, S. (1997). The effect of characteristics of human service workers on subsequent morale and turnover. Administration in Social Work, 19, 15-31.
    連結:
  33. Koslowsky, Meni. & Miriam Dishon-Berkovits. (1997) Self-report measures of employee lateness: Conceptual and methodological issues. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 10.2: 145-159.
    連結:
  34. Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2007). Emerging Positive Organizational Behaviour. Journal of Management, 33(3), 321-349.
    連結:
  35. Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. ( 2006). Psychological capital development: toward a micro-intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3) 387-393.
    連結:
  36. Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F.O., & Li, W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1(2), 249-271.
    連結:
  37. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success. Psychological Bulletin, 131 803-855.
    連結:
  38. Madsen, S. R., Miller, D., & John, C. R. (2005). Readiness for organizational change: Do organizational commitment and social relationships in the workplace make a difference? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16(2), 213-234.
    連結:
  39. Mattila, A., & Enz, C. (2002). The role of emotions in service encounters. Journal of Service Research, 4, 268-277.
    連結:
  40. Maxwell, G., & Steele, G. (2003). Organizational commitment: A study of managers in hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15(7), 362-369.
    連結:
  41. McKay, K., Kuntz, J. R., & Näswall, K. (2013). The effect of affective commitment, communication and participation on resistance to change: The role of change readiness. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 42(2), 29-30.
    連結:
  42. McNabb, D. E., & Sepic, F. T. (1995). Culture, climate and total quality management: measuring readiness for change. Public Production & Management Review, 18(4): 369-385.
    連結:
  43. Mey al, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). Testing the side bet rnodel of organizationalcornrnitrnent: Sorne rnethodological considerations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 372-378.
    連結:
  44. Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Topolnytsky, L. (1998). Commitment in a changing world of work. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 39(1-2), 83.
    連結:
  45. Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412.
    連結:
  46. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-organization Linkage. New York, NY: Acadernic Press.
    連結:
  47. Mowday, R., & Sutton, R. (1993). Organizational behavior: Linking individuals and groups to organizational contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 44: 195-229.
    連結:
  48. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    連結:
  49. Oreg, S. 2003. Resistance to Change:Developing an Individual Differences Measure.Journal of applied psychology, 88(4): 680-693.
    連結:
  50. Oreg, S., Vakola, M., & Armenakis, A. (2011). Change recipients‟ reactions to organizational change A 60-year review of quantitative studies. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(4), 461-524.
    連結:
  51. Peterson, Suzanne J., & Barry K. Spiker. (2005). Establishing the positive contributory value of older workers: A positive psychology perspective. Organizational Dynamics 34.2 153-167.
    連結:
  52. Piercy, N. F., Cravens, D. W., Lane, N., & Vorhies, D. W. (2006). Driving organizational citizenship behaviors and salesperson in role behavior performance: The role of management control and perceived organizational support. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2), 244-262.
    連結:
  53. Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974).:Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609.
    連結:
  54. Positive psychological capital and creative performance. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l’Administration, 28(1), 4-13.
    連結:
  55. Rafferty, A. E., Jimmieson, N. L., & Armenakis, A. A. (2013). Change readiness: A multilevel review. Journal of Management, 39(1), 110-135.
    連結:
  56. Rusbult, C. E., Farrell, D., Rogers, G., & Mainous, A. G. (1988). Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: An integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 599-627.
    連結:
  57. Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Work engagement: What do we know and where do we go. Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(1), 3-10.
    連結:
  58. Stephenson, C. (1991). The concept of hope revisited for nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16(12), 1456-1461.
    連結:
  59. Stewart, T. A. (1994). Your company’s most valuable asset:Intellectual capital. Fortune, Technology 28-33.
    連結:
  60. Thackray, G. D. (2001). Extensive early and middle Wisconsin glaciation on the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington, and the variability of Pacific moisture delivery to the northwestern United States: Quaternary Research, 55, 257–270.
    連結:
  61. Travis, D. J., Gomez, R. J., & Mor Barak, M. E. (2011). Speaking up and stepping back: Examining the link between employee voice and job neglect. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 1831-1841.
    連結:
  62. Vakola, M. (2014). What's in there for me? individual readiness to change and the perceived impact of organizational change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(3), 195-20.
    連結:
  63. Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Resilience Scale, Journal of Nursing Measurement, vol.1, 165-178.
    連結:
  64. Wanberg, C. R., & Banas, J. T. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85 132-142.
    連結:
  65. Wong, Y. T., Wong, C. S., Ngo, H Y., & Lui, H. K. (2005). Different responses to job insecurity of Chinese workers in joint ventures and state-owned enterprises. Human Relations, 58, 1391
    連結:
  66. 中文文獻
  67. 何亭賢 (2009)。員工組織變革準備、正向心理資本、知覺組織支持與組織變革抗拒關係之研究。中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
  68. 邱皓政 (2008)。結構方程模式:LISREL的理論技術與運用。台北:雙葉
  69. 邱皓政 (2008)。量化研究方法(一):研究設計與資料處理。台北:雙葉書局。
  70. 邱皓政 (2009)。量化研究與統計分析:SPSS中文視窗版資料分析範例解析。台北:五南。
  71. 胡湘湘 (2014)。網路及行動銀行取代實體分行虛擬金融銀行新顯學。台灣銀行2014(10),P28-30。
  72. 孫一仕(譯)(2013)。Bank 3.0銀行轉型未來式(原作者:Brett King)。臺北市:臺灣金融研訓院。(原著出版年:2013)
  73. 英文文獻
  74. Beckhard, R., & Harris, R. T. (1987). Assessing the present: Benchmarks for change. Organizational transitions: Managing complex change, 2, 57-70.
  75. Bennett, M., & Bell, A. (2004). Leadership Talent in Asia How the Best Employers Drive Extraordinary Performance. NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  76. Bollar, S. L. (1996). The impact of organizational culture on employee work attitudes, readiness for change, and organizational performance. Georgia Institute of Technology
  77. Clark, S. W. (2003). The development of an integrated measure of readiness for change instrument and its application on ASC/PK. Air Force Institute of Technology. Wright-patterson air force base, Ohio.
  78. Comer, James. M., et al., (1965).Methods in sales research: A critical evaluation of a measure of job involvement: The use of the Lodahl and Kejner scale with salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management 15.3: 65-74.
  79. Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2005). Organization Development and Change. Madison, WI: Thomson South-Western.
  80. Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). Positive emotions and upward spirals in organizations. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.). Positive Organizational Scholarship, 241-261. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
  81. Hanisch, K. A., & Hulin, C. L. (1990). Retirement as a voluntary organizational withdrawal behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 37, 60-78.
  82. Henkel, A. G., Repp-Begin, C., & Vogt, J. F. (1993). Empowerment-readiness survey: Foundations for Total Quality. Developing Human Resources, San Diego, CA: Pfeiffer and Company
  83. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Peterson, R., & Capwell, D. (1957). Review of Research and Opinion. Pittsburgh: Psychological Services.
  84. Jones, J. E., & Bearley, W. L. (1996). Organizational Change-Readiness Scale: Facilitator’s Guide. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
  85. Keith, K. L. (1986). The development and analysis of a “ perceived readiness for change” measure as a part of an organizational change process. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah, Provo, UT.
  86. Lazarus, R. S., & Fo1krnan, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. 11.2: 145-159.
  87. Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  88. Peterson, C., & Steen, T. A. (2002). Optimistic explanatory style. Handbook of Positive Psychology, 244-256.
  89. Psychology, 67(3), 341-349.
  90. Robbins, S. P. (1993). Organization behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  91. Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career constructiontheory and practice. In S. D.Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work 11(2)42-70).
  92. Schneider, Benjamin., & Rentsch, J. (1988). Managing climates and cultures: a futures perspective. Futures of Organizations, J. Hage, ed., Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 181-200.
  93. Schuster, B. (2012). The perception and response to change by members of a multicultural working group: A case study. Journal of Management, 40(1), 304-335.
  94. Seligman, M.E.P. (1998). Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. Pocket Books, NY.
  95. Smith, P. C., & Kendall, L. M. (82). Hulin. CL (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement. Skokie, IL: Rand McNally.
  96. Spreitzer, G., & Porath, C. (2012). Creating sustainable performance. Harvard Business Review, 90(1), 92-99.
  97. Sweetman, D., Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Luthans, B. C. (2011). Relationship between positive psychological capital and creative performance. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 28(1), 4-13.
  98. Visage, C. M. (2010). The relationship between employee attitudes towards planned organizational change and organizational commitment: An investigation of a selected case within the South African Telecommunications Industry, Southern African Business Review, 10(4), 80-110.