台灣農產品環境衝擊與碳足跡之評估研究

Environmental Impact and Carbon Footprint Assessment of Taiwanese Agricultural products

10.6841/NTUT.2014.00001

鍾明修

農產品 ； 生命週期衝擊評估 ； 碳足跡 ； Agricultural products ； Life cycle Impact Assessment ； Carbon Footprint

臺北科技大學環境工程與管理研究所學位論文

2014年

碩士

胡憲倫

繁體中文

近幾年溫室氣體排放逐年攀升，氣候變遷日益增加，其中以二氧化碳排放量為最高，全球暖化造成海平面上升、生態破壞以及降低農糧收穫等，然而人口暴增不僅提高食物需求量，並增加溫室氣體排放，其中農業排放甲烷GWP(25)以及氧化亞氮GWP(298)的暖化效應更遠高於二氧化碳。 　　本研究目的，針對宜蘭縣當地白米、茶葉、蔥與梨，應用完整生命週期概念，經SimaPro8.0.2軟體進行環境衝擊與碳排放分析。於IMPACT2002+環境衝擊評估四項農作物結果顯示，氣候變遷環境負荷為最高，其次依序是人體健康、天然資源與生態系統品質，五農有機米、冬山茶及上將梨主要貢獻來自於原料階段，三星有機蔥則是原料及運輸部分。以IPCC 2007 100a評估四項農產品碳足跡，五農有機米為1.592公斤當量，原物料和使用階段為主分別占62.73%與19.82%、冬山茶7.035公斤當量，以原物料與使用階段為主占35.15%及45.58%、三星有機蔥0.56公斤當量，以運輸階段為主占78.10%，其次是原物料階段21.52%、上將梨1.786公斤當量，原物料階段最高，其次為運輸部分占73.98%和22.64%。 　　本研究發現四項農產品於生命週期階段耗用汽柴油、肥料及電力為主要造成環境衝擊之因素，故認為應朝向合理化施肥和推廣產地直銷，降低環境衝擊及農資成本予以邁向低碳永續農業發展。

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions have been increasing year by year in the last few decades, which results in global warming. Among the GHGs, carbon dioxide (CO2) has been identified as the most notorious one. There are evidences showing that the global warming leads to rising sea levels, ecological damage and reduce agricultural grain harvesting problems. Furthermore, population explosion will not just greatly increase the demand on food, which also leads to increases the greenhouse gas emissions. Is is because the GWP (Global Warming Potential) of agricultural related GHGs, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are much higher than that of carbon dioxide. 　　The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental impact and carbon footprints of Taiwanese agricultural products, including organic rice, tea, organic scallions and pears from Yilan County. Environmental impacts were assessed by using SimaPro version 8.0.2 and IMPACT2002+ method, results showed that climate change is the highest in general, followed by human health, natural resources and ecosystem quality. And among the four agricultural products, organic rice, tea and pear their contributions mainly come from raw material stage, while Sunshin organic scallions are from raw material and the transportation stages. Regarding carbon footprints of four crop products (CFP) and using IPCC 2007 100a method, it is showed that CFP of organic rice is 1.592 kgCO2-e, and its main contribution comes from the raw material and consumer use stage accounted for 62.73% and 19.82%, respectively. CFP of Dongshan tea is 7.035 kgCO2-e, its main contribution also comes from the raw materials and use phase accounted for 45.58% as well as 35.15%, respectively. For Sunshin organic scallions, its CFP is 0.56 kgCO2-e which is mainly from the transport phase and followed by raw material phase accounted for 78.10% and 21.52%, respectively. CFP of Sunshin pear is 1.786 kgCO2-e, it is mainly from the raw material and transportation phases, accounted for 73.98% and 22.64%, respectively. 　　In summary, based on assessing four crops this study discovered that life cycle environmental impacts of agricultural products mainly come from gasoline, diesel, fertilizers and the electricity. Therefore, it is suggested that to rationaly apply fertilizers and to promote local direct sale will reduces environment impacts and cost of agricultural products which will leads to low-carbon agricultural development.

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