應用BMPDSS模擬都市暴雨之最佳化管理

Application of BMPDSS simulates urban storm water for the optimization management

10.6841/NTUT.2010.00056

褚筱文

暴雨管理 ； 低衝擊開發 ； BMPDSS ； Stormwater Management ； Low Impact Development ； BMPDSS

臺北科技大學土木與防災研究所學位論文

2010年

碩士

林鎮洋

繁體中文

人為開發導致不透水鋪面增加，為因應大量地表逕流及非點源污染（Nonpoint Sources Pollution）所帶來之為害並同時有效利用水資源，不再僅依賴傳統最佳管理措施（Best Management Practice, BMP）而是與以仿效原自然水文循環能力的低衝擊開發（low impact development, LID）相互結合，以有效暴雨管理。本研究利用最佳管理措施支援決策系統（BMP/LID Decision Support System, BMPDSS）協助進行暴雨管理；此為美國環保署（US EPA）及美國馬里蘭州喬治王子縣（Prince George’s County, MD）環境資源部與Tetra Tech公司共同研發；幫助使用者根據目標削減效益及可行成本進行支援決策，以達最佳化（Optimization）設計。 本研究以暴雨逕流量做為主要探討，以臺北市中正區為例，探討該區因高度開發對逕流水量所造成之影響。本研究以兩種情境進行模擬，各情境各有四種模擬條件。情境I探討年平均逕流量及流量超出頻率削減10%、15%、20%之最小成本及最大削減效益；情境II探討五年降雨強度下，尖峰逕流量削減10%、15%、17%及20%之最小成本。最後針對兩情境進行成本效益之評估。 研究結果發現，不論情境I、II其單位削減成本不隨削減率增加而增加，反有降低之趨勢。研究區域在情境I下削減10%約需新台幣9510萬；在情境II五年暴雨強度下，其尖峰流量削減10%約需新台幣1,740萬。

Human development leads to the increase of impervious pavement. In response to the damage caused by a large volume of surface runoff and nonpoint source pollution and making the best use of water resources, people no longer depends on the traditional practice of the Best Management Practices (BMP), instead, they emulate the natural ability of Low Impact Development (LID). To combine these for the effective management of stormwater, our project aims to use the Best Management Practices Decision Support System (BMPDSS). The system was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Prince George's County, Maryland (Prince George's County, MD) Environment and Resources and Tetra Tech Inc. The purpose is to help the planner to make the best engineering in the beginning and based on target for reducing cost-effective and feasible to support decision-making to achieve the optimization design. This study focuses on water quantity. Study area is District of Jhongjheng, Taipei City, Because of development on the effect of high runoff. In this study, two scenarios were simulated. The four simulated conditions of each situation. Scenario I, explore the annual average flow volume (AAFV) and the flow exceeded frequency (FEF) reduced by 10%, 15%, 20% of minimum cost and maximum reduction benefits. Scenario II, evaluate of under five-year rainfall intensity, peak decision flow (PDF) reduced by 10%, 15%, 17% and 20% of minimum cost. Finally, evaluate of cost-efficient from two scenarios. The results showed that, scenario I, II the unit reduction cost with the reduction rate is not accompany increased, anti-trend to decrease. Study area in the scenario I take about 10% reduction under the NT 95.1 millions; scenario II in five-year rainfall intensity, its peak decision flow reduction about 10% under the NT 17.4 millions.

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