英文摘要
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Hugo Häring and Hans Scharoun are pioneers of organic architecture. They believed that the architecture must come from the environment and reflect the landscapes, the heavenly bodies, the natural materials, the animals and plants, the life and place, the change of time and the neighbors. In other words, the architecture must follow the natural system to search for design network. Allowing the architecture to achieve a balanced and accommodated natural environment will be the important model for future development.
In the 20th century, the architects have given every effort to seek pure function and rational thoughts. With the development of architecture facilities, the architecture has ignored the environment difference and human’s excessive self-directed thoughts due to the concept of function and profit maximization. This has resulted in a disconnection between architecture and natural environment. The idea of following nature was disregarded and the value of natural environment has been sacrificed. Indeed, the concept of “the architecture must be taken in accordance with the environment” has become an important lesson nowadays.
Based on the “Heuristic Structure”, this study has concluded 43 key points of architecture in correspondence to the environment through the discussion of the topics related to the ecology, sustained environment, space environment and nature. In addition, the 43 key points were categorized into 6 major principles including “giving judicious guidance according to circumstances”, the “green diversity”, the “consecutive flexible space”, “constructing building according to nature”, the “principles of decrement, renewal, reuse and recovery” and the “transformation and interactive change of natural elements”. These key points were also taken as standard to analyze the architecture designs in correspondence with natural environment from the works of three masters of architecture, which include Wright’s “Falling Water”, Le Corbusier’s “Villa Savoy” , Smith’s “Farnsworth House” and. Tsai, Jen-Hui’s “Green House”.Finally, the recommendations were given for future architecture development in correspondence to the environment design.
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