高氯含量廢水去除氯離子之研究

A Study on Removal Chlorine Ions from High Chlorine Containing Wastewater

10.6841/NTUT.2011.00303

曾淑滿

弗氏鹽 ； 去除氯離子 ； 層狀雙金屬氫氧化物 ； 含氯廢水 ； Friedel’s salt ； removal chloride ions ； layered double hydroxide ； wastewater of chloride

臺北科技大學資源工程研究所學位論文

2011年

碩士

鄭大偉

繁體中文

工業上之廢水常含有如重金屬或高濃度之鹽類等危害性物質，若未經處理即排放，將會造成環境上之傷害。而製革業、肥料業或底渣再利用業所排放之洗滌廢水或製程廢水，經常含有高濃度之氯鹽。由於含氯廢水具有腐蝕性，因此會造成運輸管路腐蝕；排放至土壤或水體，會對農漁產業之灌溉或養殖造成不良之影響，所以含氯廢水無法利用管線直接運輸至廢水處理廠或是直接排放至自然界中。而目前並無適當之處理方法，因此，高氯含量之廢水處理成為一個重要之課題。 本研究利用添加鋁系化合物與鈣系化合物於含氯之水溶液中，使鈣、鋁離子與水中之氯離子結合，產生膠體，形成不溶性之弗氏鹽，以達到去除水中氯離子之效果。實驗結果顯示，以XRD分析沉澱之固成份，可得弗氏鹽之晶相。添加不同鈣系化合物種類時，除氯效果以添加氧化鈣效果最佳，去除率為72.5%。於溶液pH值不同時進行除氯實驗，當pH值為12或4，Ca:Al:Cl莫耳比分別為4:2:1和5:3:1，其去除效果均可達到80%以上。且去除率隨著反應溫度和氯離子濃度之增加而增加。應用於處理實廠廢水時，最佳去除效果可達88%。弗氏鹽吸附重金屬時，較符合擬二階動力方程式與Langmuir等溫吸附模式。因此可證實本研究確實可有效去除水中之氯離子，以減少環境負荷與後續之廢水處理，且可將除氯之固體物進行再利用，以減少污泥之處理成本，亦可解決另一污染問題。

The development of technology and industry caused many wastes and pollutions. Industrial wastewater usually contains hazardous substances, such as heavy metals and salts. If the wastewater was untreated, however, it will lead to environmental problem for instance. The chloride ions would corrode drainpipes. Therefore, the wastewater can’t transport to Wastewater Treatment Plants. This study was added aluminum and calcium compounds in solution including chloride. It would found that the aluminum and calcium ions combined with chloride ions in the solution, the formed Friedel’s salt which removed chloride ions form the solution. The results show that the particles of precipitate which has crystal phasd of Friedel’s salt by using XRD. The study also discussed that effect of removal chloride with pH value. The efficiency of removal which reached 80% when pH value of the solution are 12 and 4 with the molar ratio of Ca:Al:Cl=4:2:1 and 5:2:1, respectively. And the efficiency of removal increased with increasing temperature of reaction and concentration of chloride ions. The results show that when added calcium oxide had best efficiency of removal which was 72.5%. This study using the same method to treat industrial wastewater that the efficiency of removal which reached 88%. In the study, the particles of precipitate used to adsorb lead ions. The pseudo-second order kinetics model has employed to describe those experiment data previously, and the sorption data whit fit the Langmuir isotherms.

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