萃智(TRIZ)演化趨勢專利分類系統建置—氣動打釘機之實證研究

A Study of TRIZ Evolutionary Trends for Establishing Patent Classification Platform – A Case Study for Pneumatic Nailer

10.6841/NTUT.2012.00604

蔡元豪

演化趨勢 ； 萃智 ； 專利分類 ； 氣動打釘機 ； Evolutionary Trends ； TRIZ ； 37 Evolutionary Parameters ； Patent Classification ； Pneumatic Nailer

臺北科技大學工業工程與管理系碩士班學位論文

2012年

碩士

葉繼豪

繁體中文

現今這個求新求變的時代，開發者或研發人員若能掌握到未來趨勢，創造出更符合消費者使用的產品或服務，將可為企業帶來巨大的商機與優勢；但研發人員往往缺乏一個系統化的方式來預測趨勢。萃智(TRIZ)演化趨勢是一套藉由分析大量世界專利所歸納出的技術創新理論，不僅能預測技術的發展，而且還能實現預測結果的產品可能型態，有助於完成產品的改良或開發設計，對產品創新具有指引的效用，可協助開發者或研發人員針對產品技術進行改良或新用途的開發。 本研究運用萃智理論學者Darrell Mann所提出的37項演化趨勢理論，定義其演化趨勢參數各階段內涵，並建立中、英文關鍵字詞集，以氣動打釘機中華民國專利與美國專利為研究對象，透過向量空間模型之字詞─文件矩陣與TFIDF權重特徵計算及專利分類機制設計之研究方法論來建置演化趨勢專利分類系統，由系統自動進行氣動打釘機之37項演化趨勢專利分類。本研究將研究結果分成兩個階段——實驗階段與實作階段探討，由實驗階段來驗證演化趨勢專利分類系統的分類績效，演化趨勢分類系統分別分類氣動打釘機中華民國專利100筆與美國專利40筆，其分類結果皆證實演化趨勢專利分類系統有良好的分類水準；而實作階段則為實作近20年間氣動打釘機中華民國專利912筆與美國專利91筆自動分類，並由專利分類結果分別繪製出氣動打釘機中華民國專利演化趨勢雷達圖與氣動打釘機美國專利演化趨勢雷達圖，直接對照演化趨勢極限，發現兩者之參數27簡約設計已達演化極限，而參數9、26、31、34及35皆尚未發展，此供開發者或研發人員創新趨勢發想之參考。

In the newly modern times, if developers or R&D workers can grasp the future trend, it will create conforms to the product or the service which the consumer to be use, might bring the huge opportunity and the superiority for the enterprise. But developers or R&D workers often lack a systematized way to predict the trend. TRIZ evolution trend is a set of technological innovation theory to summarize by analyzing a large number of world patents. Not only predict the development of technology, but also realize predict result products possible state. Help to improvement or development to complete of products. It has the effectiveness of the guidelines on product innovation to provide developers or R&D workers making high-level of improved technology of product or development of new uses. This research uses TRIZ 37 evolutional trends which presented by Darrell Mann, to define the connotation of each stage of the evolution trend parameters, and to establish the Chinese and English keywords set, researching for pneumatic nailer patents of R.O.C. and U.S.. The study build the TFIDF evolutionary trend of patent classification system by using words - files matrix of the vector space model with TFIDF weights features calculation and design for patent classification mechanism methodology. The finding is divided into two phases: the experimental stage and implementation stage. Experimental stage test and verify the classification performance of the evolutionary trend of patent classification system. It separately classified 100 R.O.C. patents and 40 U.S. patents of pneumatic nailer, and all results are good classification standards; the implementation stage automatic classifies 912 R.O.C. patents and 91 U.S. patents of pneumatic nailer for nearly 20 years. Patent classification results were drawn out of the evolutionary potential radar plot of pneumatic nailer R.O.C. patents and pneumatic nailer U.S. patents. Contrast to the evolutionary trend of the limit, Consists of two plots found the parameters of 27 Trimming has reached the evolution of limit, and parameters 9,26,31,34 and 35 are not yet developed. These recommendations provide the developer or R&D workers to think in innovative trends as a reference.

1. [2] 陳志明，利用TRIZ演化趨勢進行創新產品構思─以氣動打釘機為例，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學工業工程與管理研究所，台北，2009。
   連結：
2. [8] 黃鈺婷，以功能屬性關係辨識相關技術演化趨勢，碩士論文，國立交通大學工業工程與管理學研究所，新竹，2010。
   連結：
3. [14] 吳信德，以相關性辭典建構為基礎---實現複合關鍵字之概念查詢擴張，碩士論文，元智大學資訊工程學系，桃園，2002。
   連結：
4. [17] D. Sahal, "Technological guideposts and innovation avenues," Research Policy, vol. 14, no. 2, 1985, pp. 61-82.
   連結：
5. [19] D. Mann, "Better technology forecasting using systematic innovation methods," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 70, no. 8, 2003, pp. 779-795.
   連結：
6. [21] A. Webb, "TRIZ: an inventive approach to invention," Engineering Management Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, 2002, pp. 117-124.
   連結：
7. [22] K. Rantanen and E. Domb, Simplified TRIZ: New Problem-Solving Applications for Engineers & Manufacturing Professionals, US: Auerbach Publications, 2007.
   連結：
8. [24] B. King, E. Domb and K. Tate, TRIZ: An Approach to Systematic Innovation, US: GOAL/QPC Research Report, 2007.
   連結：
9. [26] R. D. Nelson and S. G. Winter, An evolutionary theory of economic change, US: Harvard University Press, 1982.
   連結：
10. [27] G. Dosi, "Technological paradigms and technological trajectories: A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change," Research Policy, vol. 11, no. 3, 1982, pp. 147-162.
    連結：
11. [28] D. J. Teece, "Firm organization, industrial structure, and technological innovation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol. 31, no. 2, 1996, pp. 193-224.
    連結：
12. [30] R. N. Foster, "Assessing technological threats," Research Management, vol. 29, no. 4, 1986, pp. 17-20.
    連結：
13. [31] H. Ernst, "The Use of Patent for Technological Forecasting: The Diffusion of CNC-Technology in the Machine Tool Industry," Small Business Economics, vol. 9, no. 4, 1997, pp. 361-381.
    連結：
14. [33] E. Domb and K. Rantanen, Simplified TRIZ: New Problem-Solving Applications for Engineers and Manufacturing Professionals, US: CRC Press, 2002.
    連結：
15. [36] J. H. Zhang, R. H. Tan, Z. S. Chen and H. G. Zhang, "Research on Product Technology Evolutionary Potential Mapping System Based on TRIZ, " WiCom 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Shanghai, 2007, pp. 5777-5780.
    連結：
16. [42] J. H. Yoon and K. S. Kim, "An automated method for identifying TRIZ evolution trends from patents," Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 38, no. 12, 2011, pp. 15540-15548.
    連結：
17. [47] T. C. Jo, "Text categorization with the concept of fuzzy set of informative keywords," IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 2, 1999, pp. 609-614.
    連結：
18. [48] H. H. Chang, Y. H. Ko and J. P. Hsu, "An event-driven and ontology-based approach for the delivery and information extraction of e-mails," International Symposium on Multimedia Software Engineering, Taipei, 2000, pp. 103-109.
    連結：
19. [49] C. Blake and W. Pratt, "Better rules, fewer features: a semantic approach to selecting features from text," IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Doubletree Hotel, California, 2001, pp. 59-66.
    連結：
20. [50] E. Grootjen, "A semantical twist to syntactical navigation," 11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, London, 2000, pp. 523-527.
    連結：
21. [52] C-H. Lin and H-C. Chen, "An automatic indexing and neural network approach to concept retrieval and classification of multilingual (Chinese-English) documents," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 26, 1996, pp.75-88.
    連結：
22. [53] Y-H. Tseng, "Fast co-occurrence thesaurus construction for Chinese news," IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 2, 2001, pp. 853-858.
    連結：
23. [54] G. Salton, Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval, US: McGraw-Hill, 1983.
    連結：
24. [1] 中華民國經濟部智慧財產局統計資料，http://www.tipo.gov.tw/ch/，造訪日期：2011年3月21日。
25. [3] 蘇學恭，TRIZ─創新發明問題解決理論網站，http://www.qtdc.com.tw/Member/TRY1.htm，造訪日期：2011年3月30日。
26. [4] 莊錦賜，第十章 TRIZ創意技法，http://3q.club.tw/teach/4/teca1.htm，造訪日期：2011年3月30日。
27. [5] 賴奎魁、鄭伶如、張智翔，「運用專利資料探討接觸式影像感測器業技術發展趨勢之研究」，科技管理學刊，第七卷，第一期，2002，第117-136頁。
28. [6] 蘇毓汝，整合TRIZ四十原則與演化趨勢探討產品創新之潛力，碩士論文，國立交通大學工業工程與管理學研究所，新竹，2005。
29. [7] 廖文進，萃思(TRIZ)方法之實務運用─以液晶螢幕翻轉裝置為例，碩士論文，國立交通大學工業工程與管理學研究所，新竹，2006。
30. [9] 陳光華、呂明香，「知識探索及其於政府資訊之應用」，檔案季刊，第二卷，第二期，2003，第38-49頁。
31. [10] 曾元顯、莊大衛，「文件自我擴展於自動分類之應用」，第十五屆計算機語言研討會，新竹，2003，第129-141頁。
32. [11] 詹智凱，以詞的關聯性為基礎的文件自動分類，碩士論文，台灣科技大學資訊管理學系，台北，2000。
33. [12] 黃政偉，具語句特徵選取能力的類神經網路文件分類器，碩士論文，台灣科技大學電子工程學系，台北，1998。
34. [13] 黃燕萍，中文社會新聞文件資訊擷取，碩士論文，雲林科技大學資訊管理學系，雲林，1998。
35. [15] 施政瑋，以階層式詞義網路為基礎的中文文件分析及其效能評估，碩士論文，東海大學資訊工程學系，台中，2002。
36. [16] 林嵩富，主題分類關鍵詞之動態更新模式研究，碩士論文，大葉大學資訊管理學系，彰化，2002。
37. [18] D. Mann, Hands-on Systematic Innovation, Belgium: CREAX Press, 2002.
38. [20] K. Gadd, "Altshuller Father of Innovation - the Contradiction of TRIZ," The TRIZ Journal [J/OL], 2002/11, http://www.triz-journal.com/, Retrieved March 28, 2011.
39. [23] K. H. Chai, J. Zhang and K. C. Tan, "A TRIZ-Based Method for New Service Design," Journal of Service Research, vol. 8, no. 1, 2005, pp. 8-48.
40. [25] N. Luhmann, The Differentiation of Society, US: Columbia University Press, 1982.
41. [29] M. D. McKelvey, Evolutionary Innovations: The Business of Biotechnology, US: Oxford University Press, 1996.
42. [32] G. S. Altshuller, 40 Principles: Triz Keys to Technical Innovation, US: Technical Innovation Center, 1997.
43. [34] D. Mann, Hands On Systematic Innovation for business and management, US: Edward Gaskell Publishers, 2004.
44. [35] B. Zlotin and A. Zusman, "Patterns of Evolution: Recent Findings on Structure and Origin," TRIZ Journal [J/OL], 2006/4, http://www.triz-journal.com/, Retrieved June 15, 2011.
45. [37] R. H. C. Bonser and J. F. V. Vincent, "Technology trajectories, innovation, and the growth of biomimetics," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol. 221, no. 10, 2007, pp. 1177-1180.
46. [38] J. Cai, H. X. Liu, G. L. Duan, T. Yao and X. B. Chen, TRIZ-based Evolution Study for Modular Fixture, London: Springer Press, 2008, Chapter 6, pp. 763-772.
47. [39] P. A. Verhaegen, J. D’hondt, J. Vertommen, S. Dewulf and J. R. Duflou, "Relating properties and functions from patents to TRIZ trends," CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 3, 2009, pp. 126-130.
48. [40] X. J. Zhao and S. Zhang, "The Evolvement of Automobile Steering System Based on TRIZ," Growth and Development of Computer-Aided Innovation –Third IFIP WG 5.4 Working Conference, 2009, vol. 304, pp. 185-192.
49. [41] B. Q. He, L. X. Shan, L. K. Bao and Y. Liang, "Product Technology Maturity Prediction Based on TRIZ Technical Evolution Theory," Innovative Computing & Communication, 2010 Intl Conf on and Information Technology & Ocean Engineering, 2010 Asia-Pacific Conf on (CICC-ITOE) , Macao, 2010, pp. 166-169.
50. [43] U. Y. Nahm and R. J. Mooney, "Text Mining with Information Extraction," In Proceedings of the AAAI 2002 Spring Symposium on Mining Answers from Texts and Knowledge Bases, Stanford CA, 2002, pp. 60-67.
51. [44] J. Dorre, P. Gerstl and R. Seiffert, "Text mining: finding nuggets in mountains of textual data," Proceedings of the fifth ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, San Diego, 1999, pp. 398-401.
52. [45] A. Hotho, A. Nurnberger and G. Paab, "A brief survey of text mining, " LDV Forum, Vol. 20, 2005, pp. 19-62.
53. [46] B. Y. Ricardo and R. N. Berthier, Modern information retrieval, US: Addison-Wesley, 1999.
54. [51] M. Miyazaki, "Automatic segmentation method for compound word using semantic dependent relationships between words," Journal of Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ), vol. 25, 1984, pp. 970-979.
55. [55] W. C. Wong and W. C. Fu, "Incremental Document Clustering for Web Page Classification," Proceedings of IEEE Int. Conf. on Info. Society in the 21st century: emerging technologies and new challenges (IS2000), The University of Aizu, Japan, 2000.