以魚鱗為原料合成氫氧基磷灰石多孔材料應用於生醫領域及重金屬吸附功能之研究

Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds from Fish Scales for Biomedical Engineering and Heavy Metal Ion Removal

劉文光

魚鱗 ； 冷凍鑄造法 ； 細胞毒性 ； 金屬離子吸附 ； fish scale ； freeze casting ； tissue engineering ； heavy metal removal

清華大學材料科學工程學系學位論文

2016年

碩士

陳柏宇

英文

氫氧基磷灰石(Hydroxyapatite)已被廣泛研究多年，主要應用於骨修復材料或作為吸附材移除水中的重金屬離子。魚鱗是含氫氧基磷灰石的天然複合材料，是便宜且環保的氫氧基磷灰石來源。本研究將萃取魚鱗粉中的氫氧基磷灰石，並透過X光繞射儀(XRD)及能量散佈分析儀(EDS)分析其晶相及元素成分。再利用冷凍鑄造法(Freeze Casting)將魚鱗粉合成多孔材料，並且探討此多孔材料的性質及可能之應用。透過掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)下的觀察，證實了此材料具有序層狀多孔結構，而孔洞的大小及孔隙率則可以利用冷卻鑄造法中的諸多參數去調控。此外，此多孔材料的機械性質以壓應力測試法量測，並優化合成參數，得到具有足夠機械強度且提供高孔隙及表面積的多孔材料。在未來應用研究方面，首先，透過細胞存活率實驗(MTS Assay)，此多孔材料的細胞毒性被初步測試，證實魚鱗粉製成的多孔陶瓷材料不具細胞毒性，可作為用於生醫領域的前瞻研究之參考；此外，考量氫氧基磷灰石的金屬離子吸附能力，本研究以鉛離子作為測試指標，測量魚鱗粉的金屬離子吸附能力，並利用不同等溫線模型探討其吸附能力。此多孔氫氧基磷灰石具優異的吸附能力，能在短時間內可以大量移除水溶液中的鉛離子。雖然魚鱗普遍被認為是漁業廢棄物，但透過本研究，我們期望未來魚鱗能成為低廉、環保、高附加價值且多功能的材料並應用於不同領域。

The hydroxyapatite has been extensively investigated with respect to its potential for bone tissue engineering and removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Fish scales are a natural source for calcium phosphate source though considered as wastes in daily life. In this study, hydroxyapatite was extracted and obtained from scales of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). The mineral was confirmed to be hydroxyapatite by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. The hydroxyapatite powders obtained from fish scales was used as raw materials and scaffolds were synthesized by the freeze casting technique. The well aligned laminar structures with 10-80 μm channels was revealed by SEM, meanwhile, the pore size can be controlled by tuning cooling rates. It is able to synthesize scaffolds with microstructure mimicking cancellous bone, which exhibit good mechanical strength. The cell proliferation test was done by culturing human osteoblast cells within the scaffolds, and cell viability was evaluated by the MTS assay. Histological evaluation was carried out to characterize the cell ingrowth. Results confirmed that the scaffolds were not cytotoxic. Additionally, hydroxyapatite has good ability to remove heavy ions in water. We chose lead ion as indicator to test the sorption ability, and used isotherm models to describe the sorption behavior. From Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) analysis, the scaffolds eliminated 99% of lead ion in a short time, providing efficient capability of heavy metal ions removal. Inexpensive fish scales can be utilized to synthesize hydroxyapatite scaffolds by freeze casting and have great potential to be applied in various fields.

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