運用萬用啟發式演算法解醫護人員排班問題

Applying Meta-heuristics to Solve Medical Staff Scheduling Problems

10.6840/cycu201500283

蔡嘉哲

人力配置 ； 層級分析法 ； 醫護人員排班 ； 蝙蝠演算法 ； 萬用啟發式演算法 ； Staff allocation ； Medical staff scheduling ； Bat Algorithm (BA) ； Meta-heuristics algorithm ； Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

中原大學工業與系統工程學系學位論文

2015年

碩士

陳平舜

繁體中文

醫護人員排班問題一直是每家醫院在管理中非常重要的問題，尤其在近年來民眾對醫療需求的增加，加上每位醫護人員能照顧的病人數量有限，導致整個醫療工作環境趨近於非常緊繃的狀態。因此，如何將醫護人員排出一個具有公平性且符合政府法規與醫院內部規定的班表為醫院管理的重要議題。 本研究的研究方法首先運用層級分析法來計算醫護人員對於偏好的權重；其次，利用病患比例算出各部門各班別的醫護人員負荷程度；最後，建立出醫護人員排班的整數規劃模式並套入本研究使用的萬用式啟發演算法進行求解。 本研究不僅提出三種改良的兩階段式的蝙蝠演算法，也製作出介面化的班表形式，使得醫院管理者在使用上方便且好觀看，第一階段會產生符合所有硬性限制的班表當作初始班表；第二階段採用蝙蝠演算法進行求解，找到近似最佳解後則進行負荷度公平化的動作，其結果不僅可有效率的求解出醫護人員排班，透過公平化的動作，使得每個醫護人員在班表上都是趨近於公平的。本研究最後進行敏感度分析，探討醫護人員的增減對於班表的影響。因此，本研究除了可以提供管理者一個方便使用且觀看的介面化班表外，也可以提供管理者在醫護人員的數量上作為一個參考依據。

Medical staff scheduling is a critical issue in hospital management. The demand of people for medical increases especially in recent years and each medical staff only can take care the limited number of patients. Based on the above reasons, it causes the medical work environment under intense. Therefore, how to arrange a medical staff schedule with equity in order to satisfy government regulations and hospital scheduling regulations becomes an important issue for hospital management. Firstly, the methodology of this thesis applies the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of preferences of the medical staff. In addition, the ratio of patients in each department and shift is used to calculate the loading of the medical staff. Furthermore, this research constructs an integer linear programming for medical staff and solves the problem by developing the meta-heuristic algorithm. This thesis not only develops three types of the two-stage modified bat algorithm, but also makes the manager of the hospital convenient to access the scheduling system by designing the greater graphical user interface (GUI). In the first stage, an initial schedule satisfying all hard constraints is generated. In the second stage, an approximate optimal solution is obtained by using the modified bat algorithm. Then, this proposed algorithm computes the loading of all medical staff and adjusts the equial loading for each medical staff. The results of this thesis are validatied to solve the medical staff scheduling problem efficiently as well as make each medical staff’s shift equitable. Further, this thesis performs the sensitivity analysis by adjusting the number of medical staffs. Last but not least, this thesis offers a good GUI schedule, which has a friendly interface and is convenient to use for hospital’s manager, and provides an example of the decisions of determining the number of medical staffs for hospital’s manager.

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