台灣地區心理師之工作壓力與健康生活品質之關係

The Relationships between Work Stress and Health-related Quality of Life of Psychologists in Taiwan

10.6840/CYCU.2011.00037

蔡佩珊

心理師 ； 工作壓力 ； 負荷-控制-支持模型 ； 付出-回饋失衡模型 ； 健康生活品質 ； health-related quality of life ； Effort-Reward Imbalance model ； psychologists ； work stress ； Demand-Control-Support model

中原大學心理學系學位論文

2011年

碩士

黃君瑜

繁體中文

心理衛生專業人員的壓力與健康相關研究在台灣常被忽視，此議題在其他國家已越顯重視。本研究為探討台灣地區心理師工作壓力與健康生活品質之狀況及相關影響因子，並以近代歐美國家常用的「負荷─控制─支持」與「付出─回饋失衡」工作壓力模型釐清心理師的工作壓力與健康生活品質之間關係。 研究對象為經臨床心理師或諮商心理師專技高考或專技特考考試及格，領有專業證照且登記執業的心理師。共收集201份有效問卷，臨床心理師共138名，諮商心理師為63名。本研究為橫斷式研究，使用結構化問卷收集量化資料，包含個人背景資料、中文版工作內容問卷、付出回饋失衡問卷及台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷。資料以SPSS18.0版套裝軟體進行分析。 心理師的工作壓力在不同執照類別、是否擔任主管職、服務所屬區域、工作型態、服務機構、總月收入、年齡、年資、目前單位服務年資等方面有顯著差異。自評健康生活品質在不同執照類別、是否擔任主管職、婚姻狀態、有無孩子、服務所屬區域、工作型態、總月收入、年齡、年資、目前服務單位年資等有顯著差異。針對「負荷─控制─支持」模型之驗證，心理負荷、工作控制與社會支持對於健康生活品質部份範疇有顯著預測力；心理負荷與工作控制之交互作用及心理負荷與社會支持之交互作用對於健康生活品質各範疇有顯著預測力，然工作控制與社會支持交互作用僅在生理範疇健康生活品質有顯著預測力；最後，將社會支持視為心理負荷與工作控制交互作用與健康生活品質間的調節因子則未獲支持。針對「付出─回饋失衡」模型之驗證，付出回饋失衡對健康生活品質各範疇皆有顯著預測力，工作過度投入僅對生理與心理範疇健康生活品質有顯著預測力；將工作過度投入視為付出回饋失衡與健康生活品質間的調節因子，結果僅對生理範疇健康生活品質有顯著預測力。 研究結果發現，許多背景資料會影響心理師知覺到的工作壓力與自評健康生活品質。「負荷─控制─支持」與「付出─回饋失衡」模型能用以協助了解心理師工作壓力與健康生活品質間的關係。最後提出相關具體建議，以降低心理師的工作壓力與促進健康生活品質。

Occupational stress and health-related quality of life of mental health professionals have been largely ignored in Taiwan. The purposes of this study were to investigate work stress and health-related quality of life among psychologists in Taiwan. We adopted the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) model and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model to investigate the relationships between work stress and health-related quality of life, and focus on the buffering effects of job control and social support, and the vulnerability effect of over-commitment. A cross-sectional research method was employed. The structural questionnaires were used to collect data including working characteristics, Chinese version of the Job Content Questionnaire, Effort-reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and WHO Questionnaire on Quality of Life BREF-Taiwan version. Valid questionnaires were collected from 201 qualified psychologists that included 138 clinical psychologists and 63 counseling psychologists. Data were analyzed by the SPSS for Windows 18.0 system. The results showed that some working characteristics influenced the work stress and health-related quality of life which psychologists perceived. In the DCS model, psychological demand, job control, and social support had partial influences on the four domains of health-related quality of life. Demand-control had significant moderating effects between the relationship of work stress and all domains of health-related quality of life. Demand-control-support had no significant moderating effects between the relationship of work stress and all domains of health-related quality of life. In the ERI model, ERI had negative influence on the four domains of health-related quality of life and over-commitment had only significant influence on physical and psychological domain. ERI and over-commitment had significant moderating effects between the relationship of work stress and physical domain of health-related quality of life. The results suggested that both DCS model and ERI model could explain aspects of psychosocial environment of work stress and aspects of health-related quality of life for psychologists. It also revealed that the importance of some other working characteristics among psychologists. Lastly, we discussed the limits and practical implications from the study.

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