英文摘要
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This study named “the research of ‘Chun Qiu’ written modus of Chen Shou's ‘three kingdoms‧Wei Shu’”, using “Chun Qiu” written modus as research point to analyze “Three kingdoms‧Wei Shu” written by Chen Shou. We divided “Chun Qiu” written modus into two part: “how to write” and ”why to write”. “How to write” is the rhetoric of articles promoted by Chian Jung Shu saying : ”In fact, the written modus of ‘Chun Qiu’ is the rhetoric of articles.” We would use it to find out that how can Chen Shou’s metaphor about describing characters in “Wei Shu”. This method differs from tradition, which is focusing on example and type. “Why to write” is integrating the previous’ questions about merging biography by Chen Shou, and discriminating the internal spirit from merging biography, to discover Chen Shou’s ideology. Knowing that why Chen Shou appraises characters and its standard, we can understand Chen Shou’s simple words contain important meaning. This method differs from tradition, which always uses ”commentary” in the end of biography written by Chen Shou as an important materials to examine his ideology.
We find out that Chen Shou used three methods “relate events to narrate”, ”comment in sequence”, and ”gentle words” to write “Wei Shu”. “Relate events to narrate” also can divide into three parts: “analogy”, ”contrast”, and ”complement”. ”Comment in sequence” also can divide into three parts: “by events”, ”by speeches”, and ”by remonstrances”. ”Gentle words” also can divide into two parts: “euphemism” and ”irony”. Chen Shou used those methods to express “Chun Qiu” written modus, convey the truth history and keep himself safe.
The questions about why Chen Shou wrote “three kingdoms”, can be sloved by discussing merging biography. We can analyze the previous’ questions, understand Chen Shou’s spirit, and discover the ideology of “why to write”. Chen Shou has three main spirits: “ethics”, ”respect emperor”, and ”righteousness”, and he used those things as a comment standard to describe characters and events. We can generalize the three points as “assist emperor and do moral”. In the end of Han Dynasty, the questions about “assist emperor” is the principle: “ethics”, the attitude: “respect emperor” and the identity: “righteousness”. Considering, we all know that why Chen Shou write.
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