题名

使用者經驗部門領導方式與溝通策略之初探

并列篇名

UX Design Management: Type of Management Systems and Communication Strategies in Taiwan Technology Industry

作者

莫雅如

关键词

UX管理 ; 設計組織管理 ; 管理系統理論 ; 領導 ; 組織管理 ; UX management ; Design team management ; Management systems ; Leadership ; Communication

期刊名称

交通大學傳播研究所學位論文

卷期/出版年月

2019年

学位类别

碩士

导师

李峻德

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

使用者經驗設計管理聚焦於與團隊內、各部門組織、客戶等的溝通協調,以解決設計與業務問題。各部門中又倚靠主管的領導方式,與透過溝通能力以解決問題,帶領組織完成共同目標、專案設計與生產。管理系統理論依照上下級的信任程度、交往程度、溝通程度、工作的獎懲程度與工作參與程度,將管理方式分為四種:民主參與式、民主協商式、溫和專制式與專制權威式。而在過往研究中顯示,組織溝通確實與組織領導與管理方式相關。因此,本研究預期以管理系統理論分析,目前使用者經驗設計部門業務溝通流程中,領導人所扮演之角色以及其運用之組織溝通的策略,提供使用者經驗設計團隊在業務與管理中,釐清溝通活動中的關鍵要素與策略,並解決問題達成目標。本研究以質性訪談方式深入瞭解兩岸前百大企業之UX團隊的組織結構、業務與業務中之溝通活動,以親合圖方式整理訪談資料。透過訪談兩岸二十三間企業與三十位UX團隊主管與成員,搜集研究資料,並以親合圖整理出要素。再以管理系統理論分析領導方式及相關要素匹配,進一步歸納各領導方式在溝通流程中,所使用的溝通策略,建構出管理系統理論下的使用者經驗設計組織溝通模型。此模型試圖以四大管理方式與其相對策略呈現溝通活動之細節,期望提供UX團隊於業務執行與管理遭遇問題時參考之解決方案。

英文摘要

This study aimed to realize how leaders and UX designers solved problems with their communication strategies in different management systems. Based on Liker’s research outlined four systems of management to describe relationship, involvement, and roles of managers and subordinates in industrial settings. The four management systems are: Exploitative Authoritative, Benevolent Authoritative, Consultative System and Participative System. Twenty-three UX teams from Taiwan IT industry, including thirty leaders and team members were invited to attend the interviews. The affinity diagram approach was applied to organize analysis and to extract keywords from the qualitative data, as well as matching the keywords and communication strategies with the Key elements of four management systems. The study results reveal how UX team in Taiwan IT industry solved the problems with their communication strategies in different management systems that hopefully could provide UX leaders and researchers suggestion for the future UX management and study.

主题分类 人文社會學院 > 傳播研究所
社會科學 > 傳播學
参考文献
  1. 范麗娟. (1994). 深度訪談簡介. 戶外遊憩研究, 7(2), 25-35.
    連結:
  2. 參考文獻
  3. 中文文獻
  4. 王受之. (1997). 世界現代設計: 藝術家出版.
  5. 田子學. (2015). 正在學!實戰20年的日本設計管理學:日本設計思考的代表之作. 台北市: 原點出版.
  6. 何信坤. (2004). 產品設計專案管理之溝通效益研究, 實踐大學, 工業產品設計學系碩士在職專班碩士論文.
  7. 宋同正. (2014). 序–服務設計的本質內涵和流程工具. 設計學報 (Journal of Design), 19(2).
  8. 张静. (2012). 服装设计教学中创造性思维的培养. 科教导刊(5), 148-149.
  9. 李元墩. (1999). 組織溝通研究之回顧與展望. 中華管理評論, 第二卷第五期, 121-131.
  10. 李美華, 孔祥明, 林嘉娟, & 王婷玉. (1998). 社會科學研究方法. 台北: 時英.
  11. 李硯祖. (2002). 藝術設計概論. 湖北: 湖北美術出版社.
  12. 李慶芳. (2013). 質化研究之經驗敘說: 質化研究的六個修煉: 高立.
  13. 徐木蘭. (1994). 行為科學與管理(第3版). 台北: 三民.
  14. 張文智, & 江潤華. (2009). 設計溝通模式與團隊創造力關係之探討. 設計學報, 14(2), 1-18.
  15. 郭思宇, & 胡月. (2012). 设计管理过程中人际沟通的重要性. 山東紡織經濟, 2012(8), 38-40.
  16. 陳文印. (1997). 設計解讀-工業設計專業知能之探索. 臺北市= Taipei: 亞太= Asiapac.
  17. 陳宜文. (2005). 設計師認知風格對團隊溝通與問題解決的影響. 大同大學工業設計學系所學位論文, 1-133.
  18. 陳曉宜. (2005). 報社記者抵抗資源之研究. 未出版之碩士論文, 國立政治大學傳播學院碩士在職專班, 台北市.
  19. 馮凱. (2005). 設計與行銷之溝通管理研究. (碩士), 銘傳大學,
  20. 黃昆輝. (1993). 教育行政學(第2版). 台北: 五南圖書公司.
  21. 黃英忠&張存金. (1997). 新產品過程中溝通行為資訊處理模式. 人力資源學報, 第七期.
  22. 楊君順, & 王肖燁. (2005). 在企業中充分發揮設計管理的作用. 包裝工程, 26(2), 110-112.
  23. 廖洲棚. (1997). 團隊型組織之溝通訊息傳遞過程: 符號與資訊科技互動的研究, 國立政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文.
  24. 鄧成連. (1999). 設計管理: 產品設計之組織, 溝通與運作. 亞太圖書出版社, 台北, 初版.
  25. 鄭平溥, & 莊明振. (2006). 工業設計執行中之衝突研究---以 3C 產業為例.
  26. 蕭瑞麟. (2007). 不用數字的研究: 鍛鍊深度思考力的質性研究: 臺灣培生教育出版.
  27. 英文文獻
  28. Albrecht, T. L., & Ropp, V. A. (1984). Communicating about innovation in networks of three US organizations. Journal of Communication, 34(3), 78-91.
  29. Ashley, J., & Desmond, K. (2005). Success with user-centered design management. Interactions, 12(3), 27-32.
  30. Bainbridge, W. S. (1989). Survey Research: Computer Assisted Intro. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
  31. Ballard, G., & Koskela, L. (1998). On the agenda of design management research. Paper presented at the Proceedings IGLC.
  32. Bannon, L. J., & Bødker, S. (1989). Beyond the interface: Encountering artifacts in use. DAIMI Report Series, 18(288).
  33. Barnard, C. I. (1968). The Functions of The Executive, Harvard University Press, 11, 185-199
  34. Baxter, L. A., & Babbie, E. R. (2003). The Basics of Communication Research. Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning.
  35. Bedny, G. Z., & Harris, S. R. (2005). The systemic-structural theory of activity: Applications to the study of human work. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 12(2), 128-147.
  36. Best, K. (2006). Design Management: Managing Design Strategy, Process and Implementation. Switzerland : AVA publishing.
  37. Bláha, J., Mateicicus, A., & Kaňáková, Z. (2005). Personalistika pro malé a střední firmy. Brno: CP Books.
  38. Birch, M., & Miller, T. (2000). Inviting intimacy: The interview as therapeutic opportunity. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 3(3), 189-202.
  39. Bodine, K., Manning, H., & Carney, C. L. (2006). The People Who Make Great Web Sites. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Forrester Research.
  40. Bodker, S. (1997). Computers in mediated human activity. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 4(3), 149-158.
  41. Britten, N., Jones, R., Murphy, E., & Stacy, R. (1995). Qualitative research methods in general practice and primary care. Family Practice, 12(1), 104-114.
  42. Brown, L. (1982). Communicating Facts and Ideas in Business. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  43. Carbone, L. (2004). Clued In: How To Keep Customers Coming Back Again and Again .Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: FT Press.
  44. Carbone, L. P., & Haeckel, S. H. (1994). Engineering customer experiences. Marketing Management, 3(3), 8.
  45. Coles, E. J. (1990). Design Management: A Study of Practice in The Building Industry: Chartered Institute of Building Bracknell, UK.
  46. Cooper, K. G. (1993). The rework cycle: why projects are mismanaged. PM Network, 7(2), 5-7.
  47. Creswell, J. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approches. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications.
  48. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage publications.
  49. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Flow and The Psychology of Discovery and Invention: New York: Harper Collins.
  50. Dennis, A. R., & Kinney, S. T. (1998). Testing media richness theory in the new media: The effects of cues, feedback, and task equivocality. Information Systems Research, 9(3), 256-274.
  51. Detweiler, M. (2007). Managing UCD within agile projects. Interactions, 14(3), 40-42.
  52. Duncan, W. R. (1996). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. Upper Darby: Project Management Institute.
  53. Ebenreuter, N., & Geerts, M. (2011). Design Strategy: Towards an understanding of different methods and perspectives. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces.
  54. Emmitt, S., & Gorse, C. (2006). Communication in Construction Teams. New York: Routledge.
  55. Engeström, Y. (1987). Learning by Expanding: An Activity-Theoretical Approach to Developmental Research. Helsinki: Orienta-Konsultit Oy.
  56. Forsyth, D. R. (2009). Group Dynamics. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
  57. Foster, S. T., & Ganguly, K. K. (2007). Managing Quality: Integrating The Supply Chain: Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  58. Gall, M., Borg, W., & Gall, J. (2003). Case study research. Educational research: An Introduction, 123-163.
  59. Gruber, M., De Leon, N., George, G., & Thompson, P. (2015). Managing by design. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 1-7.
  60. Huber, G. P., & Daft, R. L. (1987). The information environments of organizations, Institution, B. S. BS7000. Last Retrieved 07/21/2017 From https://shop.bsigroup.com/Browse-by-Sector/Design/BS-7000-Series--Design-Management-Systems/
  61. Jain, J., & Courage, C. (2012). Managing global UX teams. Paper presented at the UPA 2012, UPA International 21st Annual Conference.
  62. Jessup, H. R. (1992). The road to results for teams.(team building). Training & Development, 46(9), 65-69.
  63. Jonassen, D. H., & Rohrer-Murphy, L. (1999). Activity theory as a framework for designing constructivist learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 47(1), 61-79.
  64. Kallinikos, J. (2012). Form, function, and matter: Crossing the border of materiality. In: Leonardi, Paul M., Nardi, Bonnie A. and Kallinikos, Jannis, (Eds.), Materiality and Organizing: Social Interaction in A Technological World, (pp.67-87), Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  65. Kaptelinin, V. (2013). Activity theory. In M. Soegaard & R. F. Dam (Eds.) The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction (2nd Editon.). Aarhus, Denmark: The Interaction Design Foundation.
  66. Kaptelinin, V., & Nardi, B. (1997). The activity theory checklist: A tool for representing the" Space" of context. Unpublished communications with the authors and tutorial at CHI, 97.
  67. Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). Organizations and the system concept. In J. M. Shafritz & P. H. Whitbeck (Eds.), Classics of Organization Theory, (pp. 161-173) Oak Park, IL: Moore.
  68. Kawakita, J. (1967). Hasso-ho [Methods of generating ideas]. Tokyo, Japan: Chukoshinsyo. In: Japanese.
  69. Kawakita, J. (1991). The original KJ method. Tokyo: Kawakita Research Institute.
  70. Koskela, L., Ballard, G., & Tanhuanpää, V.-P. (1997). Towards lean design management. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 5 th annual conference of the International Group for Lean Construction.
  71. Kunifuji, S. (2013). A Japanese problem solving approach: The KJ-Ho method. Proceedings Of Kicss. Kanazawa, 333-338.
  72. Kunifuji, S., Kato, N., & Wierzbicki, A. P. (2007). Creativity support in brainstorming. In Creative Environments (pp. 93-126): Springer. Heidelberg
  73. Kuusinen, K., & Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila, K. (2012). How to make agile UX work more efficient: management and sales perspectives. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design. Copenhagen, Denmark
  74. Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews. An Introduction to Qualitative Research Writing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  75. Kvale, S. (2007). Doing interviews (Book 2 of The SAGE qualitative research kit). In: London: Sage.
  76. Kvan, T., & Kvan, E. (1997). Is design really social? In Proceedings Conference Creative Collaboration in Virtual Communities VC’97, Sydney
  77. Kwiatkowska, J., Szóstek, A., & Lamas, D. (2014). Design and Business Gaps: From Literature to Practice. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2014 Multimedia, Interaction, Design and Innovation International Conference on Multimedia, Warsaw, Poland.
  78. Lantolf, J. P. (2006). Sociocultural Theory and The Genesis of Second Language Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  79. Leont’ev, D. A. (2002). Activity Theory Approach: Vygotsky in the Present. In Robbins, D. & Stetsenko, A. (Eds.), Voices within Vygotsky’s non-classical psychology: Past, present, future (pp.45-61). New York: Nova science.
  80. Li, Y., & Landay, J. A. (2008). Activity-based prototyping of ubicomp applications for long-lived, everyday human activities. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York, NY, USA.
  81. Likert, R. (1967). The Human Organization: Its Management and Values. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill.
  82. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  83. Lund, A. (2011). User Experience Management: Essential Skills for Leading Effective UX Teams. Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
  84. Lusch, R. F., & Vargo, S. L. (2006). Service-dominant logic: Reactions, reflections and refinements. Marketing Theory, 6(3), 281-288.
  85. Manker, J., & Arvola, M. (2011). Prototyping in game design: Externalization and internalization of game ideas. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
  86. Matthews, T., Rattenbury, T., & Carter, S. (2007). Defining, designing, and evaluating peripheral displays: An analysis using activity theory. Human-Computer Interaction, 22(1), 221-261.
  87. McNamara, C. (2009). General guidelines for conducting interviews. Retrieved July 11, 2016, from http://managementhelp.org/evaluatn/intrview.htm
  88. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  89. Mohrman, S. A., Cohen, S. G., & Morhman Jr, A. M. (1995). Designing Team-Based Organizations: New Forms for Knowledge Work. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass: Jossey-Bass.
  90. Mulder, I. J. (2004). Understanding Designers Designing for Understanding: Collaborative Learning and Shared Understanding in Video-Based Communication. Enschede, Netherlands: Telematica Institute.
  91. Mwanza, D. (2002). Conceptualizing work activity for CAL systems design. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 18(1), 84-92.
  92. Nemiro, J., Hanifah, S., & Wang, J. (2005). Striving for a new ideal: A work environment to energize collaborative capacity across east and west boundaries. In M. Michael, Beyerlein, & T. Susan (Eds.), Collaborative capital: Creating Intangible Value (pp. 115-159), Amsterdam: Elsevier: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  93. Nieminen, H. (2006). Case Interview-Nokia Design. with T. Brodt, Helsinki, April 11, 2006.
  94. Nieters, J., & Bollman, E. (2011). Leading change with collaborative design workshops. Paper presented at the CHI'11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. P.729-739, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  95. Norman, D. A. (2005). Whose profession is this? Everybody's, nobody's. Interactions, 12(3), 51.
  96. Otter, A. (2005). Design Team Communication Using a Project Website. PhD thesis, Bouwstenen ‘98, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
  97. Quek, A., & Shah, H. (2004). A comparative survey of activity-based methods for information systems development. Paper presented at the ICEIS in 2004. pp.221-229. Porto, Portugal
  98. Rittel, H. (1984). Second-Generation Design Methods. In Developments in Design Methodology. N. Cross, Ed. (pp. 317-327) New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  99. Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River. NJ: Perntice Hall Inc.
  100. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of Organizational Behavior. Harlow, England: Pearson Education Inc.
  101. Robert, L. P., & Dennis, A. R. (2005). Paradox of richness: A cognitive model of media choice. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 48(1), 10-21.
  102. Rohn, J., & Wixon, D. (2011). Managing user experience teams: lessons from case studies, establishing best practices. Paper presented at the CHI'11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
  103. Rohn, J. A. (2007). How to organizationally embed UX in your company. Interactions, 14(3), 25-28.
  104. Romanoff, B. D. (2001). Research as therapy: The power of narrative to effect change. Paper presented at the Reclaiming Voice: First Annual Conference on Ethnographic Inquiry & Qualitative Research for a Postmodern Age, Jun, 1997, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
  105. Rosenbaum, S., Rohn, J. A., & Humburg, J. (2000). A toolkit for strategic usability: results from workshops, panels, and surveys. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Hague, Netherlands.
  106. Rosenberg, D. (2007). Introducing the 360 view of UX management. Interactions, 14(3), 23-24.
  107. Scholter, C. (2006). Swisscom: In time to TIME. Paper presented at the New York: Credit Suisse Equities Conference, New York.
  108. Schon, D. A. (1984). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action (Vol. 5126) New York: Basic Books.
  109. Senescu, R., & Haymaker, J. (2009). Specifications for a social and technical environment for improving design process communication. Paper presented at the W078 26th International Conference, Managing IT in Construction, Istanbul, Turkey.
  110. Shannon, C. E. (2001). A mathematical theory of communication. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 5(1), 3-55.
  111. Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1998). The Mathematical Theory of Communication: Urbana, University of Illinois press.
  112. Shaw, C., & Ivens, J. (2002). Building great customer experience. Paper presented at the Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 48-66.
  113. Shedroff, N. (2001). Experience Design 1. Indianapolis: New Riders Publishing.
  114. Simon, H. A. (1996). The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge Massachusetts: MIT press.
  115. Simon, H. A. (2013). Administrative Behavior. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  116. Skinner, D., Tagg, C., & Holloway, J. (2000). Managers and research: The pros and cons of qualitative approaches. Management Learning, 31(2), 163-179.
  117. Stokes, D., & Bergin, R. (2006). Methodology or “methodolatry”? An evaluation of focus groups and depth interviews. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 9(1), 26-37.
  118. Targum, S. D. (2011). The distinction between clinical and research interviews in psychiatry. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 8(3), 40.
  119. Thompson, C. F., Anderson, R. I., Au, I., Ratzlaff, C., & Zada, N. (2010). Managing user experience: managing change. Paper presented at the CHI'10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Atlanta, Georgia.
  120. Turner III, D. W. (2010). Qualitative interview design: A practical guide for novice investigators. The Qualitative Report, 15(3), 754.
  121. Van Grinsven, L. (2006, March 20). Philips shows product concepts designed with users. [News] Last Retrieved 07/21/2017 from https://www.cdrinfo.com/d7/content/philips-shows-product-concepts-designed-users
  122. Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 1-17.
  123. Verganti, R. (2011). Radical design and technology epiphanies: A new focus for research on design management. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(3), 384-388.
  124. Viriyayudhakorn, K. (2013). Creativity Assistants and Social Influences in KJ-method Creativity Support Groupware. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa.
  125. Von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K., & Nonaka, I. (2000). Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  126. Von Stamm, B. (2008). Managing Innovation, Design and Creativity (2nd Edition), Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  127. West, S. S. (1990). Student Perceptions of Teaching Effectiveness. Texas: Texas A & M University.
  128. White, D. (1982). Contemporary Perspectives in Organizational Behavior: Boston, USA: Allyn & Bacon.