信任感對先進駕駛輔助系統使用者回應之影響-以IMA為例

The Effect of Trust on Driver Response of using Advanced Driver Assistance System

葉維峻

信任感 ； 先進駕駛輔助系統 ； 駕駛回應 ； 駕駛行為 ； 先進十字路口防碰撞警示系統 ； 實際場預測試 ； Trust ； ADAS ； Driver Response ； Driver behavior ； IMA ； Field Operation Test

交通大學運輸與物流管理學系學位論文

2016年

碩士

張新立

繁體中文

先進駕駛輔助系統被視為能有效改善交通安全之工具之一，世界各國皆相繼投入大量資源並擬定相關法規意圖推動其發展。然而一個先進駕駛輔助系統效益發揮的關鍵不僅建立於系統的準確與有效性，更包含駕駛的接受度與行為等因素，根據過去文獻，駕駛人最終是否做出正確有效的行為依賴於駕駛人信任該輔助系統，有賴於駕駛人對於系統的信任感，也就是相信其所提供的資訊與協助的程度。因此，本研究之目的在於探討信任感在駕駛與系統之間扮演之角色，並了解重要可操控之因素做為改善駕駛人之使用行為之基礎，意圖使系統真正的效益能有發揮。本研究以工研院開發的路口防碰撞警示系統(IMA)為例，追蹤受測者於實際場域測試的日常使用系統的駕駛回應行為，並建立適用於本研究之量表量測受測者之信任感與相關影響因素，分析並驗證受測者之信任感與實際使用IMA系統回應行為之關係，及探討使用者信任感之建構與改變原則。透過統計的相關性與迴歸分析結果顯示信任感確實與駕駛的回應行為存在正向相關性，而信任感在有使用經驗前的建構階段與心智模型、預期有效性正向相關；擁有使用經驗後的修正階段則是與期望確認與知覺有效性正向相關。研究結果預期能指出信任感對於先進駕駛輔助系統效益之重要性，並利用信任感之發展原則提出相關建議與改善之方針，供有關單位及後續研究參考。

In order to decrease the amount of accidents or mitigate the consequences of them, today’s vehicles are being equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS). The effect of the ADAS on improving driver’s safety is not only base on system performance but also user’s behavior. In the relevant literature, trust between user and ADAS is considered a key variable. Particularly, trust guides driver’s behavior when facing complexity and unanticipated situations. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to explore the role of the trust between user and user’s reacting behavior when IMA system trigger alert, based on the field test data in the real world. Moreover, some important factors related to trust was measured, in order to develop a model for realizing the principle how drivers establish and modify their trust. The study results show that driver’s react behavior has positive correlation with trust. At the same time, the section of trust before using the IMA has positive correlation with expectation and mental mode. Further, trust after having the experience of using IMA has positive correlation with utility and confirmation. The study results are expected to illustrate the effect of the trust and provide some suggestions based on the principle of how trust develops.

1. 1. Abe, G., & Richardson, J. (2006). Alarm timing, trust and driver expectation for forward collision warning systems. Applied Ergonomics, 37(5), 577-586.
   連結：
2. 2. Adell, E., Várhelyi, A., & dalla Fontana, M. (2011). The effects of a driver assistance system for safe speed and safe distance–a real-life field study. Transportation research part C: emerging technologies, 19(1), 145-155.
   連結：
3. 3. Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing science, 12(2), 125-143.
   連結：
4. 4. Beggiato, M., & Krems, J. F. (2013). The evolution of mental model, trust and acceptance of adaptive cruise control in relation to initial information. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 18, 47-57.
   連結：
5. 5. Ben-Yaacov, A., Maltz, M., & Shinar, D. (2002). Effects of an in-vehicle collision avoidance warning system on short-and long-term driving performance. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 44(2), 335-342.
   連結：
6. 6. Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: an expectation-confirmation model. MIS quarterly, 351-370.
   連結：
7. 9. Dabholkar, P. A., Shepherd, C. D., & Thorpe, D. I. (2000). A comprehensive framework for service quality: an investigation of critical conceptual and measurement issues through a longitudinal study. Journal of retailing, 76(2), 139-173.
   連結：
8. 10. Davis, Fred D. "Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology." MIS quarterly (1989): 319-340.
   連結：
9. 12. Gupta, N., Bisantz, A. M., & Singh, T. (2002). The effects of adverse condition warning system characteristics on driver performance: an investigation of alarm signal type and threshold level. Behaviour & Information Technology, 21(4), 235-248.
   連結：
10. 13. Gupta, N., Bisantz, A. M., & Singh, T. (2002). The effects of adverse condition warning system characteristics on driver performance: an investigation of alarm signal type and threshold level. Behaviour & Information Technology, 21(4), 235-248.
    連結：
11. 14. Hoedemaeker, M., & Brookhuis, K. A. (1998). Behavioural adaptation to driving with an adaptive cruise control (ACC). Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 1(2), 95-106.
    連結：
12. 15. Horst, M., Kuttschreuter, M., & Gutteling, J. M. (2007). Perceived usefulness, personal experiences, risk perception and trust as determinants of adoption of e-government services in The Netherlands. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(4), 1838-1852.
    連結：
13. 16. Jamson, A. H., Lai, F. C., & Carsten, O. M. (2008). Potential benefits of an adaptive forward collision warning system. Transportation research part C: emerging technologies, 16(4), 471-484.
    連結：
14. 17. Jian, J. Y., Bisantz, A. M., & Drury, C. G. (2000). Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 4(1), 53-71.
    連結：
15. 18. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness (No. 6). Harvard University Press.
    連結：
16. 21. Lee, C., & Abdel-Aty, M. (2008). Testing effects of warning messages and variable speed limits on driver behavior using driving simulator. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2069), 55-64.
    連結：
17. 23. Lee, J. D., McGehee, D. V., Brown, T. L., & Reyes, M. L. (2002). Collision warning timing, driver distraction, and driver response to imminent rear-end collisions in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 44(2), 314-334.
    連結：
18. 24. Lee, J., Moray, N., 1992. Trust, control strategy and allocation of functionin human-machine systems. Ergonomics 35 (10), 1243–1270.
    連結：
19. 25. Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of management review, 20(3), 709-734.
    連結：
20. 26. McCall, J. C., & Trivedi, M. M. (2007). Driver behavior and situation aware brake assistance for intelligent vehicles. PROCEEDINGS-IEEE, 95(2), 374.
    連結：
21. 27. Meyer, J. (2001). Effects of warning validity and proximity on responses to warnings. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 43(4), 563-572.
    連結：
22. 28. Moorman, C., Deshpande, R., & Zaltman, G. (1993). Factors affecting trust in market research relationships. the Journal of Marketing, 81-101.
    連結：
23. 29. Naujoks, F., & Totzke, I. (2014). Behavioral adaptation caused by predictive warning systems–The case of congestion tail warnings. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and be
    連結：
24. 33. Parasuraman, R., & Riley, V. (1997). Humans and automation: Use, misuse, disuse, abuse. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 39(2), 230-253.
    連結：
25. 34. Patterson, P. G.; Johnson, L. W.; and Spreng, R.A. "Modeling the Determinants of Customer Satisfaction for Business-to-Business Professional Services," Journal of the Academy of MarketingS cience (25:1), 1997, pp. 4-17
    連結：
26. 38. Tse, D. K., and Wilton, P. C. "Models of Consumer Satisfaction: An Extension," Journal of Marketing Research (25), May 1988, pp. 204-212.
    連結：
27. 39. Tsugawa, S. (2006). Trends and issues in safe driver assistance systems: Driver acceptance and assistance for elderly drivers. IATSS research, 30(2), 6-18.
    連結：
28. 40. Van Der Laan, J. D., Heino, A., & De Waard, D. (1997). A simple procedure for the assessment of acceptance of advanced transport telematics. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 5(1), 1-10.
    連結：
29. 42. Wu, M. Y., Chou, H. P., Weng, Y. C., & Huang, Y. H. (2008). TAM-2 based study of website user behavior-using web 2.0 websites as an example. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 4(8), 133-151.
    連結：
30. 7. Brookhuis, K. A., De Waard, D., & Janssen, W. H. (2001). Behavioural impacts of advanced driver assistance systems–an overview. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 1(3), 245-253.
31. 8. Cao, Y., Mahr, A., Castronovo, S., Theune, M., Stahl, C., & Müller, C. A. (2010, February). Local danger warnings for drivers: The effect of modality and level of assistance on driver reaction. In Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces (pp. 239-248). ACM.
32. 11. Durso, F. T., & Gronlund, S. D. (1999). Situation awareness. Handbook of applied cognition, 283-314.
33. 19. Joshi, S., Bellet, T., Bodard, V., & Amditis, A. (2009, August). Perceptions of risk and control: Understanding acceptance of advanced driver assistance systems. In IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 524-527). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
34. 20. Kazi, T. A., Stanton, N. A., Young, M. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Assessing drivers’ level of trust in Adaptive-Cruise-Control and their conceptual models ofthe system: Implications for system design. In L. Dorn (Ed.). Driver behaviour and training (Vol. 2, pp. 132–142). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
35. 22. Lee, J. D., & See, K. A. (2004). Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 46(1), 50-80.
36. 30. Norman, D. A. (1983). Some observations on mental models. Mental models, 7(112), 7-14.
37. 31. Oliver, R. L. "Measurement and Evaluation ofSatisfaction Processes in Retail Settings,"Journal of Retailing (57:3), Fall 1981, pp. 25-48.
38. 32. Oliver, R. L., and Linda, G. "Effect of Satisfaction and Its Antecedents on Consumer Preference and Intention," in Advances in Consumer Research (8), K. B. Monroe (ed.), Association for Consumer Research, Ann Arbor, Ml, 1981,pp. 88-93.
39. 35. Reichart, G. (1993). DRIVING FUTURE VEHICLES. CHAPTER 13: PROBLEMS IN VEHICLE SYSTEMS. Publication of: TAYLOR AND FRANCIS LTD.
40. 36. Sugimoto, Y., & Sauer, C. (2005, June). Effectiveness estimation method for advanced driver assistance system and its application to collision mitigation brake system. In Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (pp. 5-148).
41. 37. Swapnil Shende & Rachna SinghWorld(2015). Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Market - Opportunities and Forecasts, 2013 – 2020.
42. 41. WHO ,http://www.who.int/gho/road_safety
43. 43. Xiong, H., Boyle, L. N., Moeckli, J., Dow, B. R., & Brown, T. L. (2012). Use patterns among early adopters of adaptive cruise control. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 54(5), 722-733.
44. 44. 交通部運輸研究所. (2012). 交通安全統計報表 - 事故資料與死因資料連結後(死亡為30天內). In 交.-. 事故資料與死因資料連結後(死亡為30天內) (Ed.).