寺廟內空氣中PAHs及碳成分特性探討

Characteristic of Aerosol PAHs and Carbons from Incense Burning in a Temple

10.6346/NPUST.2008.00149

鍾鎔同

拜香 ； 粒狀物 ； 多環芳香烴 ； 元素碳 ； 有機碳 ； 超細微粒 ； incenses ； particulates ； polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ； elemental carbons ； organic carbons ； PM0.1

屏東科技大學環境工程與科學系所學位論文

2008年

碩士

陳瑞仁

繁體中文

為瞭解拜香燃煙對人體健康可能之影響，本研究於屏東縣潮州鎮某寺廟內大量燃燒拜香時，以分道採樣器(Dichot)、微孔均勻沉積衝擊器(MOUDI)及高流量採樣器(PS-I)進行廟內粗細微粒及粒徑分佈採樣，以探討寺廟燃燒拜香時其空氣中不同粒徑微粒上多環芳香烴化合物(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 簡稱PAHs)、BaP毒性當量(BaPeq)及碳成分之特性，並與廟外之測值比較。 研究結果顯示：寺廟內日間大量燃香時，其空氣中總懸浮微粒(TSP)、PM10、PM2.5及PM2.5-10濃度(分別為1,782±35.8、1,570±56.4、1,479±58.5及91.3±14.5 g/m3)依序分別為廟外值之8.53、10.9、13.1及2.95倍；廟內PM10中細微粒(PM2.5)之比例達94.2%；微粒粒徑(0.056~18 m)呈單峰分佈，其峰位於0.18~0.56 m之次微米(submicro-meter)粒徑上。廟內PM0.1、PM2.5及PM2.5-10微粒上總碳(EC + OC)含量之平均值分別為64、61及53%；PM0.1、PM2.5及PM2.5-10上有機碳(OC)之含量分別為其元素碳(EC)值之8.77、10.0及1.52倍。廟內空氣中總(氣+粒狀物相)PAHs及BaPeq濃度(6,773±779及93.2±22.5 ng/m3)分別為廟外值之18.5及13.9倍。廟內氣相及粒狀物相上21種PAHs濃度(6,036±649及737±209 ng/m3)分別為廟外值之19.3及14.1倍；而BaPeq濃度(13.1±2.55及80.1±21.1 ng/m3)則分別為廟外值之3.85及24.3倍。廟內總PAHs(G-+P-Phase PAHs)中粒狀物相PAHs雖僅佔10.9%，然廟內總BaPeq(G-+P-phase BaPeq)中粒狀物相BaPeq佔之比例卻高達85.9%；顯示廟內燃香時，其空氣中毒性當量較高之PAHs主要分佈於粒狀物相中。 在廟內，其氣相PAHs(Gas-Phase PAHs)主要分佈於2~3環之低分子量PAHs(LMW-PAHs)上(約93%)，粒狀物相PAHs(Particle-phase PAHs)則主要以4環及5~7環之中、高分子量PAHs(MMW-及HMW-PAHs)為主(分別佔48及43%)；然而在廟外，其氣相PAHs中LMW-PAHs佔之比例較廟內小(僅63%)，但粒狀物相PAHs中LMW-PAHs佔之比例(約20%)則較廟內之值(10%)高。其PM10上之Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq均約有將近97%是分佈於易進入人體呼吸系統之細微粒(PM2.5)上，其超細(ultra-fine, PM0.1)、細(PM2.5)及粗(PM2.5-10)各粒徑微粒上PAHs或BaPeq之含量(content)均以極易進入人體呼吸系統之超細微粒(PM0.1)最高，其對暴露於廟內人體健康之影響值得加以重視。 關鍵字：拜香、粒狀物、多環芳香烴、元素碳、有機碳、超細微粒

For the concern of incense burning effects on adverse health, this study investigated the characteristics of aerosol PAHs, PAH-associated BaPeq, and carbons from incense burning emission, and compared the data with those of outdoor particles. The sampling was conducted using Dichot, MOUDI, and PS-I samplers to collect fine and coarse particles in a temple at Chaochou, Pintung County. The results show that during intensive incense burning at daytime in the temple, the concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 1,782 ± 35.8, 1,570 ± 56.4, 1,479 ± 58.5, and 91.3 ± 14.5 μg/m3, respectively, and they were 8.53, 10.9, 13.1, and 2.95 times that outside the temple, respectively. The ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 was high (94.2%). The particles exhibited an uni-modal distribution in the size range of 0.056 to 18 m, peaking at 0.18~0.56 m. The total carbon (EC + OC) contents of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 64, 61, and 53%, respectively, and the OC/EC ratios of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were 8.77, 10.0, and 1.52, respectively. In the temple, the total-PAHs (gas and particle phases) and BaPeq were 6,773 ± 779 and 93.2 ± 22.5 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 18.5 and 13.9 times that outside the temple, respectively. The gas- and particle-phase PAHs in the temple were 6,036 ± 649 and 737 ± 209 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 19.3 and 14.1 times that outside the temple, respectively. Moreover, the gas- and particle-phase PAHs in the temple were 13.1 ± 2.55 and 80.1 ± 21.1 ng/m3, respectively, and they were 3.85 and 24.3 times that outside the temple, respectively. The particle-phase PAHs only accounted for 10.9% of total-PAHs; however, the particle-phase BaPeq reached 85.9% of total-BaPeq. This indicates that higher Toxic-Equivalents-Quantity PAHs existed mainly in the particle phase. In the temple, the gas-phase PAHs were mainly 2- to 3-ring LMW-PAHs (about 93%), whereas the particle-phase PAHs were primarily 4-ring MMW-PAHs (48%) and 5- to 7-ring HMW-PAHs (43%). Outside the temple, however, the percentage of gas-phase PAHs (only 63%) was less than that in the temple, but the content of LMW-PAHs (about 20%) in the particle phase outside the temple was higher than that inside the temple (10%). About 97% of Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq of PM10 were in the fine particles (PM2.5) that may reach the human lung system. The content of PAHs or BaPeq in ultra-fine (PM0.1) particles was higher than those in fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) particles. These findings raise concerns for the health effects of prayers exposed to incense burning in the temple. Keywords: incenses, particulates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbons, organic carbons, PM0.1

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