飼料中添加枯草桿菌E20以提高雲紋石斑Epinephelus moara的成長和對溶藻弧菌的抗病力

The dietary probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, improves the growth performance and disease resistance of grouper, Epinephelus moara, against the pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus

蔡鎮宇

雲紋石斑 ； 益生菌 ； 枯草桿菌E20 ； 成長表現 ； 健康狀態 ； Epinephelus moara ； probiotic ； Bacillus subtilis E20 ； growth performance ； health status

屏東科技大學水產養殖系所學位論文

2016年

碩士

劉俊宏

繁體中文

本實驗以添加枯草桿菌E20 108、109、和1010 cfu kg-1（E108、E109和 E1010組）和未添加益生菌（控制組，Ｃ）的飼料餵食雲紋石斑(Epinephelus moara) 56天，觀察其成長表現、非特異性免疫反應和對溶藻弧菌的抗病性。實驗過程中各組存活率無顯著差異。投餵實驗飼料56天後，E109成長率顯著最高。E1010組魚體增重百分比和飼料效率均顯著低於E109組，但與控制組間皆無顯著差異。飼養56天後各組魚隻背部肌肉成分分析顯示水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰份皆沒有顯著差異。感染實驗方面，餵食含有枯草桿菌E20的E109和E1010組累積死亡率較C和E108組低。這可能是由於餵食實驗飼料56天後其呼吸爆和溶菌酶活性增加，但超氧化物岐化酶和吞噬活性則沒有顯著變化。因此，建議飼料中可添加109 cfu kg-1之枯草桿菌E20以提高雲紋石斑成長以及免疫能力。

The probiotic effects of Bacillus subtilis E20-supplemented diets (control (without probiotics), 108, 109, and 1010 cfu g-1, respectively designated C, E108, E109, and E1010) fed to the grouper, Epinephelus moara, for 56 days were evaluated by tracking the growth performance, non-specific immune responses, and disease resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus. No significant differences in survival of fish were found among groups during the experiment. Growth enhancement was recorded in group E109 after 56 days of probiotic feeding, but the percentage of weight gain and feed efficiency of fish in group E1010 were significantly lower than those of fish in group E109 despite them not significantly differing from the controls. After 56 days of feeding, compositions of the dorsal muscle did not significantly differ among groups. For the pathogen challenge test, grouper fed the E109 and E1010 diets containing B. subtilis had significantly lower cumulative mortalities compared to those of fish fed the C and E108 diets. The lower cumulative mortalities of grouper in groups E109 and E1010 after being injected with the potential pathogen, V. alginolyticus, might have been due to increased respiratory bursts and lysozyme activity despite there being no significant change in SOD activity or phagocytic activity recorded after 56 days of probiotic feeding. Therefore, the diet containing 109 cfu g-1 of B. subtilis E20 is recommended to improve E. moara growth and health status.