英文摘要
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Settlement is where people live and work together. The living area of it reflects the way of group life, public utilities, religion, house distribution, and trading network, etc., while the development and decline of it are often affected by the policies which made differences in the developing courses of times.
Most of the present studies on Li-Tou-Dian either focus on the construction of a certain space in the settlement as a research object, or work as a small elaborating part of the research on the development of Taichung. However, there had yet any papers like this one that focuses on the developing process of the settlement mainly between 1661 (the 15th year of Yongli Emperor of Ming Dynasty) and 2017, and find out the characteristics and space structures of Li-Tou-Dian through the archiving of Taiwan Map and Li-Tou-Dian related historical literature, and by the way of diachronic discourses, site visit of field work, as well as exploring the space changes of the settlement by applying the five city images by Kevin Lynch. The characteristics found out are as listed below:
1. Path: Li-Tou-Dian, situated beside the stream, had developed the "market" type settlement during Ming and Qing Dynasty due to the plentiful natural resources, and the location between two trade centers. The original street path is between the present section 2 of Nantun Road and section 1 of Wanhe Road. Benefited from the two urban plannings, namely the fourth in 1977 and the fifth in 1983, the range connected by the original settlement's path had been further broaden and closer to other areas.
2. Boundary: in 1711 (the 50th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty), there was a city gate built with awareness for Li-Tou-Dian while there were also boundaries formed by the stream and the statue of the earth god placed beside the city gate as the invisible boundary for the purpose of guardian. However, after the Japanese ruling period, there was no longer the gate and earth god for identifying the boundary but more are the different views along the path suggesting the boundary. After the Republic of China moving to Taiwan, due to the development of roads, the boundary is not as easily as previously identified but can only be inferred by other factors.
3. Areas: the development of Li-Tou-Dian started from the side by Litoudian creek. It was originally a purely residence area that gradually developed the streets and business district between section 2 of Nantun Road and section 1 of Wanhe Road, then formed the religious and cultural areas. During the Japanese ruling period, the cultural space had developed into a dependent area. Different areas in the settlement had gradually become clear. The religious area (Wenchang Temple) was relocated in 1972 to the back side of Wanhe Temple, forming the present religious space. On the other hand, the business district was affected by the development of roads that had Nantun market, the area at the back of Wenchang Temple, opened in 1999 which had obviously expanded the settlement.
4. Nodes: the intersection of section 2 on Nantun Road and section 1 on Wanhe Road is a famous triangle street in Litoudian and an important node in the past. However, when it mentions the triangle street today, it cannot be connected to the trade center in the past because the area, no longer serving as the main market, had been transcended by the emerging business nodes around and the crowd had moved to other new markets or the temples which reflects the nodes of settlement will move or number of nodes shall fluctuate according to the other factors and have impact on the overall development of the settlement.
5. Landmark: compared with the business image of Litoudian, the religious architectures in the settlement serve more as the iconic or imaging reference in the area since the archways, signboards of the religious architectures for directing into the settlement have impacted the space structure all around and become the vivid and unforgettable icons in the shared memory.
Through the analysis by the five factors, it is realized that the development and transition of the settlement from the year of 1661 to 2017 are mainly affected by the renew plan and expansion of "roads". Therefore, the development of Li-Tou-Dian settlement can be divided into:
(1) The burgeoning of the settlement (1661-1894)
(2) The transition of the settlement (1895-1976)
(3) The expansion of the settlement (1977-2002)
(4) The saturation period (2002-2017)
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