健身運動參與動機量表的編製

The Development of Motivation for the Exercise Inventory

10.5297/ser.200503_7(1).0009

周嘉琪(Chia-Chi Chou)；胡凱揚(Kai-Yung Hu)

健身運動參與動機 ； 信度 ； 效度 ； 驗證性因素分析 ； motivation for exercise ； reliability ； validity ； confirmatory factor analysis

大專體育學刊

7卷1期（2005 / 03 / 31）

117 - 129

繁體中文

本研究之目的在於探索健身運動參與動機的內涵，並發展出一份具有信效度的健身運動參與動機量表。整個編製過程分為下列二個階段：第一階段主要以Cash等(1994)之健身運動參與原因量表(Reasons for Exercise Inventory)為藍本，並參考其他文獻將健身運動參與動機分作體適能／健康管理、外表／體重管理、壓力／情緒管理、社交／休閒、以及重要他人的影響五個因素，共37題。以205位個人項目的健身運動參與者為預試對象，採探索性因素分析進行初步量表的信、效度考驗。第二階段以400位健身運動參與者為研究對象，採驗證性因素分析（LISREL 8.52版）考驗量表假設性測量模式與各分量表的構面是否適配。研究結果發現：一、健身運動參與動機量表包括體適能／健康管理、外表／體重管理、壓力／情緒管理、社交／休閒四個分量表，共有19題，累積解釋變異量為52.33%。各因素Cronbach α介於0.78~0.84，全量表為0.79，顯示本量表具有良好的建構效度與信度。二、正式施測之驗證性因素分析顯示四個分量表分別代表四個不同的潛在變項，修改後的量表模式適合度良好，具有良好的建構效度(χ^2(下標 (144))=157.25, χ^2/df=1.09, GFI=0.96, RMR=0.10, AGFI=0.95, RMSEA=0.02, NFI=0.87, NNFI=0.99, CFI=0.99)。

The purpose of this study was to identify the motivation for exercise and to develop a reliable and valid inventory. This study was conducted in two phases. In phase one, the preliminary conceptual basis for motivation for exercise was derived from Reasons for Exercise Inventory (Cash et al., 1994) and other literatures. The preliminary Motivation for Exercise Inventory (MET) contained 37 items with five sub-scales: Fitness/Health Management, Appearance/Weight Management, Stress/Emotion Management, Social/Leisure, Impact from Significant Other. 205 participants participated in the individual exercise in the preliminary study. The exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach α were used to examine the validity and reliability. In phase two, there were 400 participants who participated in the exercise. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the goodness-of-fit of the hypothetical measurement model. The results of this study indicated that: 1. The final vision of Motivation for Exercise Inventory contained 19 items with four sub-scales: Fitness/Health Management, Appearance/Weight Management, Stress/Emotion Management, Social/Leisure. The four sub-scales accounted for 52.33% of total variance, and the Cronbach a coefficient was 0.79. The Cronbach α coefficients of four sub-scales ranged from 0.78 to 0.84. The results of MEI revealed an acceptable reliability and construct validity. 2. The results of CFA indicated that the modified model of MEI fitted the data (χ^2(subscript (144))=157.25, χ^2/df=1.09, GFI=0.96, RMR=0.10, AGFI=0.95, RMSEA=0.02, NFI=0.87, NNFI=0.99, CFI=0.99).

1. Brown, T.,Cash, T. P.,Mikulka, P.(1990).Attitudmal body-image assessment: Factor analysis of the body-self relations questionnaire..Journal of Personality Assessment,55,135-144.
2. Byrne, B. M.(1989).A primer of LISREL: Basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models..
3. Cai, S.(2000).Physical exercise and mental health: A content integrated approach in coping with college students' anxiety and depression..Physical Education,57(2),69-76.
4. Cash, T. F.(1994).The Situational Inventory of Body-image Dysphoria: Contextual assessment of a negative body image..The Behavior Therapist,17,133-134.
5. Cash, T. F.(1989).Body image affect: Gestalt versus summing the parts..Perceptual and Motor Skills,69,17-18.
6. Cash, T. F.,Novy, P. L.,Grant J. R.(1994).Why women exercise? Factor analysis and further validation of the reasons for exercise inventory..Perceptual and Motor Skills,78,539-544.
7. Davis, C.,Cowles, M. P.(1991).Body image and exercise: A study of relationships and compositions between physically active men and women..Sex Roles,25,33-44.
8. Duda, J. L.,Tappe, M. K.(1987).Personal investment in exercise: The development of the Personal Incentives for Exercise questionnaire..
9. Duda, J. L.,Tappe, M. K.(1989).The personal incentives for exercise questionnaire:Preliminary development..Perceptual and Motor Skills,68,1122.
10. Frederick, C.,Shaw, S.(1995).Body image as a leisure constraint: Examining the experience of aerobic exercise classes for young women..Leisure Sciences,77,57-73.
11. Gauvin, L.,Rejeski, W. J.(1993).The exercise-induced feeling inventory: Development and initial validation..Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,75(4),403-423.
12. Haskell, W. L.(1984).Seven day activity and self-report compared to a direct measure of physical activity..American Journal of Epidemiology,120,818-824.
13. Heinzelmann, F.,Bagley, R. W.(1970).Response to physical activity programs and their effects on health behavior..Public Health Reports,85(10),905-911.
14. Johnsgard, K.(1985).The motivation of the long-distance runner: I..Journal of Sports Medicine,25,135-139.
15. Leary, M. R.,Wheeler, D. S.,Jenkins, T. B.(1986).Aspects of identity and behavioral preference: Studies of occupational and recreational choice..Social Psychology Quarterly,49,11-18.
16. Leith, L. M.,Taylor, A. H.(1990).Psychological aspects of exercise: A decade literature review..Journal of Sport Behavior,73(4),219-239.
17. Markland, D.,Hardy, D.(1993).The exercise motivations inventory: Preliminary development and validity of a measure of individuals' reasons for participation in regular physical exercise..Personality and Individual Differences,75(3),289-296.
18. Martinsen, E. W.,Stephens, T.(1994).Exercise and mental health in clinical and free-living populations..Advances in exercise adherence,55-72.
19. McDonald, K.,Thompson, J.(1992).Eating disturbance, body image dissatisfaction, and reasons for exercising: Gender differences and correlational findings..International Journal of Eating Disorders,11,289-292.
20. Mutrie, N.,Biddle, S. J. H.(1995).The effects of exercise on mental health in nonclinical populations..European perspectives on exercise and sport psychology,50-70.
21. North, T. C.,McCullagh, P.,Tran, Z. V.(1990).Effect of exercise on depression..Exercise and Sport Sciences,18,379-415.
22. Potvin, L.,Gauvin, L.,Nguyen, N.(1997).Prevalence of stages of change for physical activity in rural, suburban and inner-city communities..Journal of Community Health,22,1-13.
23. Silberstein, L. R.,Striegel-Moore, R. H.,Timko, C.,Rodin, J.(1988).Behavioral and psychological implications of body dissatisfaction: Do men and women differ?.Sex Roles,79,219-232.
24. Smith, B. L.,Handley, P.,Eldredge, D. A.(1998).Sex differences in exercise motivation and body-image satisfaction among college students..Perceptual and Motor Skills,86,723-732.
25. Weinberg, R. S.、Gould, D.(2002)。競技與健身運動心理學。台北市:臺灣運動心理學學會。
26. Wolman, B. B.(1973).Dictionary of behavior sciences..New York:Ven Nostrand Reinhold.
27. 范智明(1999)。臺北市運動健身俱樂部會員消費者行為之研究。
28. 賴子敬(2002)。台中市高爾夫參與者參與動機和參與行為之研究。

1. 包怡芬(2018)。健身運動參與動機、涉入程度與休閒效益之研究。運動教練科學，51，11-24。
2. 蔡英美、王俊明(2007)。中年人運動參與動機量表之信度與效度分析。國立體育學院論叢，18(1)，23-38。
3. 陳挺豪(2008)。層級因素對不同休閒運動種類參與績效影響之研究。臺灣體育運動管理學報，6，45-62。
4. 許聰鑫、張志成、李保建(2007)。應用運動動機檢視階段改變模式對心情之影響。輔仁大學體育學刊，6，17-31。
5. 黃長發,賀湘邦(2021)。大專院校一般組籃球隊（社團）球員的參與動機探討。運動休閒餐旅研究，16(3)，43-56。
6. 賴盈孝、陳建廷、徐瑋函(2018)。體型雕塑者的休閒動機、休閒涉入、休閒效益、幸福感相關之研究。運動休閒管理學報，15(4)，19-35。
7. 李偉民,李家綺(2022)。自我對話與運動意圖關係：運動動機的中介效應。興大體育學刊，21，83-95。
8. 廖主民,沈緯鈞,吳蕙如,廖主民,沈緯鈞,吳蕙如(2023)。歸屬需求量表中文化編製與法則網絡。體育學報，56(3)，299-317。
9. 謝惠紅,鄭光偉,劉冠璋,張惠英(2021)。台灣中老年族群主觀健康、休閒運動參與動機、效益與幸福感差異與相關性之研究。運動休閒管理學報，18(1)，78-98。
10. 謝鎮偉、溫延傑(2011)。大專學生網球運動參與動機及運動行為影響。輔仁大學體育學刊，10，178-192。
11. 楊維庭,張晏榕(2021)。使用者觀看健身YouTube頻道動機與健身活動關聯之研究。國立虎尾科技大學學報，36(1)，1-19。
12. 詹俊成,邱崇恩(2020)。探討中部地區健身俱樂部會員對健康體態及人際溝通之滿意度。運動與遊憩研究，15(1)，42-57。
13. 詹俊成、陳素青(2011)。臺北市民運動中心使用者參與動機與承諾對參與行為之影響。體育學報，44(2)，207-225。
14. 張清源、周嘉琪(2005)。健身運動參與動機與健身運動參與程度之研究。國立體育學院論叢，16(1)，185-198。
15. 鄭桂玫、潘豐泉、徐茂洲(2011)。2004-2009 結構方程模式在體育領域論文運用之探討。運動休閒管理學報，8(2)，19-37。
16. 莊月里,官美卉(2023)。國小高年級學童運動健康信念、外表評價對運動參與程度的影響。休閒運動健康評論，12(1)，15-29。
17. (2010)。人格特質和運動參與理由及參與行為關係之研究。台灣體育運動管理學報，10(3)，17-41。