經絡圖與經穴圖之研究－以膀胱經為例

The Study of Acupoint and Meridian Maps Based on Bladder Meridian

10.6516/TJTCM.201803_21(1).0010

陳必誠(Bih-Cheng Chen)；黃廷宇(Ting-Yu Huang)

膀胱經 ； 華佗夾脊穴 ； 皇甫謐 ； 針灸甲乙經 ； 葛洪 ； Bladder meridian ； Bladder channel ； Hua Tuo's Paravertebral Points ； Hua Tuo Jia Ji ； Huang-Fu Mi ； The Systematized Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion ； Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing ； Ge Hong

中醫藥研究論叢

21卷1期（2018 / 03 / 30）

111 - 122

繁體中文

經絡與穴道是中醫界的瑰寶之一，在經眾人的努力之下，世界衛生組織(WHO)於2006年訂定出一套世界通用的經絡穴道標準，這些成果也都反應在當今許多的教科書上，提供了後學在經絡與穴道學習上的明確教材，然而當今常見的，以穴道連線所繪製出的圖像—經穴圖，其實並非等同古人所描述的經絡的完整樣貌（經絡圖），因此我們嘗試針對足太陽膀胱經提出討論，透過以下兩點問題的探討來點出目前的模型可以增進之處：其一：膀胱經位於背後的循行是否只有兩條支脈？其二：膀胱經於大腿後側是否有交叉？我們透過《黃帝內經》、皇甫謐所著的《針灸甲乙經》與葛洪所著的《肘後備急方》配合近代針刺誘發感傳實驗與解剖學上的討論發現：足太陽膀胱經位於背部的循行應該是三條分支，我們分別稱為內側、中間與外側支，其中中間支與外側支即為當前熟知的距督脈1.5與3寸的分支，而內側支則距督脈0.5寸，與目前編列為經外奇穴的華佗夾脊穴與正經穴道四穴有關；另外，也發現足太陽膀胱經在大腿後側實際上並無交叉，而圖示上的交叉僅是穴道依照編號連線所產生的假象。

The meridians and acupuncture points are one of the invaluable treasures in Traditional Chinese Medicine. With collaborative efforts, the World Health Organization (WHO) had stipulated a standardized system of meridians and acupuncture points that can be used universally since 2006. These achievements are also being reflected in the current textbooks which have provided explicit teaching materials of the meridians and acupuncture points for the new learners. However, the present Meridian-acupoint diagrams which are plotted using lines connecting the acupuncture points, are in fact not the complete Map of Meridian Pathways explained by the ancients. Hence in this paper, we proposed a discussion on the Foot Bladder meridian pathway so as to improve the current model through the following 2 questions: 1. Are there only 2 branches of pathway at the back of the body where the Bladder meridian descends? 2. Is there any intersection of Bladder meridian at the posterior aspect of the thigh? Through the classical literatures of The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon (Huang Di Nei Jing), The Systematized Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing) written by Huang-Fu Mi and The Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency (Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang) written by Ge Hong, as well as the modern studies of acupuncture-induced sensation transmission and anatomical discussions, we discover that there should be 3 branches of pathway at the back of the body where the Foot Bladder meridian descends. We have named them separately as the medial branch, the middle branch and the lateral branch. The middle and lateral branches are currently well-known as the branches that are 1.5 cun and 3 cun lateral to the Governing Vessel on the midline respectively. The medial branch, which is 0.5 cun lateral to the Governing Vessel, is related to the Hua Tuo's Paravertebral Points (Hua Tuo Jia Ji) that are classified under the Extraordinary Vessels and the Four Liao Points (four sacral foramina) that are classified under the Primary Meridians. In addition, we have also discovered that there is no actual intersection of the Foot Bladder meridian at the posterior aspect of the thigh. The intersection on the diagram is an illusion created due to the sequential connection of the acupuncture point numbers.

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