题名

Henry James's Hegelian Subject: A Reading of "The Portrait of a Lady"

并列篇名

亨利‧詹姆斯的黑格爾主體辯述:觀閱《一個女人的畫像》

作者

林宜莊(Elizabeth Yi-Chuang Lin)

关键词

觀審 ; 凝視 ; 主/客體 ; 辨識 ; 黑格爾 ; 朱蒂斯‧巴特勒 ; spectatorial relation ; gaze ; subject/object ; recognition ; Hegel ; Judith Butler

期刊名称

小說與戲劇

卷期/出版年月

22卷1期(2012 / 12 / 01)

页次

75 - 101

内容语文

英文

中文摘要

亨利‧詹姆斯(Henry James)的作品常常環繞於一個女性主要角色。藉由美國新教徒、中產階級文化價值觀與歐洲藝術、人文傳統、階級文化衝撞的交互過程中,帶出角色成就自我主體意識的成長過程,抑或是角色對於原持的主體意識的崩解。在《一個女人的畫像》(The Portrait of a Lady)這部作品中,亨利詹姆斯融入劇場展現模式,並借以突顯角色相互應對的審視角度,進一步地帶出個體的主體意識是須經由他者的凝視與接受反視自身而成就,與黑格爾的客觀唯心論下所突顯的主/客體雙重性相輔而行。文章主要以朱蒂斯‧巴特勒(Judith Butler)的黑格爾論述,探討亨利‧詹姆斯的《一個女人的畫像》且進一步陳述《一個女人的畫像》為一部黑格爾物/我、正/反辯證式的成長小說,強調《一個女人的畫像》最後那模稜兩可、似乎已決卻又未完全定論的結論,應和著黑格爾哲學裡所闡述的在一個「整體理論」下卻又能不斷變動革新以追求超脫現下時空的「絕對」。本論文主張《一個女人的畫像》的文本敘述模式以及從書名所帶出的「觀審」(spectatorship)角度問題以敘述故事體表現主體追尋、主體意識與物質架構的相互關係、主體與客體的應對與交互參照、詮釋(interpretation)作用、以及主體的自由與虛空等議題。

英文摘要

Henry James's ”The Portrait of a Lady” has been generally recognized as a ”Bildungsroman”. In this article, however, I argue that only by means of a Hegelian reading - taking the novel as a Hegelian ”Bildungsroman” - can the simultaneity of Isabel Archer's tragic return and the semi-open ending be understood. Portrait features a subject coming to understand that its subjectivity can only be affirmed by means of social recognition. By drawing largely upon Judith Butler's insightful reading of Hegel, the paper addresses Portrait as a fictional illustration of a subject undergoing a dialectical negotiating process between an unbound, naturally pre-reflexive self and an artificially formed, socially conscious ”I.” James uses theatrical elements to specify a complex spectatorial relationship between the characters, which further accentuates the subject formation derived from a mediation of mutual recognitions. Taking Hegel's system not as a static totality but rather as a dynamic system that incorporates successive changes, enhances progress through opposition and re-integration and thereby holds infinite possibilities, I argue that Portrait exemplifies the coexistence between ”a Hegelian scepticism towards metaphysical closure” and a Hegelian totality. James achieves this by tracing the developmental journey of Isabel and narrating her into being, while the title of the work highlights a quality of aesthetic stasis.

主题分类 人文學 > 中國文學
人文學 > 外國文學
人文學 > 藝術
参考文献
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