＂The Living Strut and the Dead Souls Creep＂: Mourning and the Return of the Dead in Patrick McCabe's Winterwood

「生者闊步，逝者伏行」：麥克白《冬林》中的悼念與逝者回返

10.6271/fd.2014.24.1.04

楊意鈴(Yi-Ling Yang)

麥克白 ； 《冬林》 ； 德希達 ； 悼念 ； 紀傑克 ； 逝者回返 ； McCabe ； Winterwood ； Derrida ； mourning ； □i□ek ； the return of the dead

小說與戲劇

24卷1期（2014 / 12 / 01）

105 - 131

英文

透過德希達的悼念政治與紀傑克討論的逝者回返，本文認為麥克白在《冬林》中以個人與神祕鄉人的相遇諷諭國家追求現代化的同時，愛爾蘭鄉村陷入錯位的困境。首先，本文將勾勒奈德是如何在瑞蒙的紀錄報導中被浪漫化，進而指出「浪漫的鄉村愛爾蘭」其實是都市所創，用以滿足人們對失樂園的渴望。接著，藉由德希達的悼念觀，本文檢視瑞蒙的悼念是如何以「呼名」、「引文」與「提問」的形式喚起已逝的奈德。最後，紀傑克對逝者回返的分析，有助於本文理解奈德回到人間是為了在象徵界中得到一個正當的位置。在瑞蒙悼念奈德的過程中，他不僅發現奈德的真實面貌，也覺察到浪漫想像中的鄉村愛爾蘭背後的殘酷現實；另一方面，奈德鬼魅式的回返則指出在令其配合國家的現代化腳步前，有必要先瞭解鄉村愛爾蘭。

Drawing on Derrida's politics of mourning and Slavoj □i□ek's discussion of the return of the dead, this paper argues that in Winterwood, McCabe uses an individual encounter with a mysterious countryman as an allegory of the dislocation of rural Ireland in the modernizing nation. Through delineating how Ned is romanticized in Redmond's documentary report, the paper first suggests that the idea of romantic rural Ireland in fact is urban creation that fulfills people's desire for a lost paradise.Next, with Derrida's conception of mourning, the study examines how Redmond's mourning brings back to life the deceased Ned through nomination, citation, and questioning. Finally, upheld by □i□ek's analysis of the return of the dead, the paper suggests that Ned returns in order to claim a rightful position in the symbolic order. Redmond's mourning for Ned reveals not only his attempt to uncover the real face of Ned but also the awareness of the cruel reality behind a romantic fantasy of rural Ireland. Ned's spectral return, on the other hand, signals the need to understand rural Ireland before forcing it to adapt to the modernizing nation.

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