老年人常見的電解質異常－鈉鉀的異常

Electrolyte Disorder in the Elderly -- Focused on Sodium and Potassium

10.6340/KD.2016.28(3).03

周哲毅(Che-Yi Chou)；林崇智(Chung-Chih Lin)；林軒任(Shuan-Jen Lin)

電解質 ； 鈉 ； 鉀 ； 老年人 ； sodium ； potassium ； electrolyte imbalance ； elderly

腎臟與透析

28卷3期（2016 / 09 / 01）

115 - 119

繁體中文

老化的過程中因為脂肪組織的比例上升，使身體的水分組成比例下降，較年輕人容易受到電解質改變的影響，同時因為各種共病症的存在，使得電質解異常發生時，診斷及治療上更為複雜，而電解質異常的發生與不良的預後或併發症的發生有密切的相關性。臨床上常見的電解質異常有低血鈉，高血鈉，低血鉀，高血鉀，本文精簡介紹電解質異常的臨床症狀，發生的原因，診斷方法，治療方式及治療時的注意事項。

Electrolyte disorder is more common in elderly than that in adult because of the decrease of fluid composition in aging process. The diagnosis and treatment of electrolyte disorder are difficult because of comorbidity in the elderly. The development of electrolyte disorder in the elderly is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the elderly. Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia are the most common electrolyte disorders in clinical practice. We summarize the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of these electrolyte disorders in this article.