腎臟疾病之影像學評估：腎臟超音波、電腦斷層、核磁共振、排尿膀胱尿道攝影檢查、及核子醫學檢查

Radiologic Assessment of Kidney Disease: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Voiding Cystourethrography, and Radionuclide Studies

10.6340/KD.202312_35(4).0003

陳宏賓(Hung-Ping Chen)；林柏松(Paik-Seong Lim)

腎臟超音波 ； 電腦斷層 ； 核磁共振 ； 排尿膀胱尿道攝影檢查 ； 核子醫學檢查 ； ultrasonography ； computed tomography ； magnetic resonance imaging ； voiding cystourethrography ； radionuclide studies

腎臟與透析

35卷4期（2023 / 12 / 01）

168 - 175

繁體中文;英文

影像學檢查常用來評估腎臟與泌尿道疾病。腎臟超音波適合當作初始評估工具，可以用以排除泌尿道阻塞，也可以幫助判斷是否為不可逆之腎臟病。非顯影劑的電腦斷層是診斷腎結石的黃金標準，注射顯影劑後的電腦斷層或核磁共振可以評估腎臟腫瘤、尋找輸尿管阻塞位置及原因、及評估腎血管性疾病。排尿中膀胱尿道攝影主要用來診斷膀胱輸尿管逆流。核子醫學檢查對於小兒診斷膀胱輸尿管逆流及腎臟結痂是優先的檢查，也可以區分個別腎臟功能。

Radiologic studies are used to evaluate patients with kidney disease. Ultrasonography is the initial imaging study of choice in evaluating patients with kidney disease, specifically to exclude urinary tract obstruction. Findings on ultrasonography can provide evidence of irreversible kidney disease. Noncontrast, CT scan is the gold standard for the radiologic diagnosis of kidney stone disease. CT or MRI is used to evaluate kidney masses, localize and identify the cause of ureteral obstruction, and evaluate the renal vasculature. Voiding cystourethrography is primarily used to establish the presence and severity of vesicoureteral reflux. Radionuclide scanning is used primarily in children to minimize radiation exposure. It can provide functional data for each kidney and detecting early vesicoureteral reflux and kidney scars.