泰國東北那伽民間文學與無形文化資產

Naga Folk Literature and Intangible Cultural Heritage in Northeastern Thailand

張雅粱(Va-Liang Chang)

民間文學 ； 在地智慧 ； 那伽 ； 泰國東北 ； 無形文化資產 ； folk literature ； local wisdom ； Naga ； northeastern Thailand ； intangible cultural heritage

藝術學報

102期（2018 / 06 / 01）

105 - 134

繁體中文

那伽是泰國重要的文化意象，其中泰東北為那伽文化重鎮，擁有以那伽為主題的多項無形文化資產，包括民間文學與節慶活動等。綜觀泰東北不管是舊傳統或新文創等無形文化資產，其創作理念都與那伽民間文學有關，故那伽民間文學是理解當地無形文化資產的重要視角。那伽民間文學可分為佛教和本土故事兩類，兩類形象不同，但都對當地產生影響，形成在地智慧。本文採質性研究，探討那伽民間文學和無形文化資產間的關係，研究發現：第一，兩者關聯密切，主要連結在於那伽形象背後的文化意義，其由民間文學建構而成，並形成在地智慧，影響無形文化資產的再現。第二，隨著泰國政府實施無形文化資產政策，那伽不僅成為泰東北的文化特色，也帶動當地文化產業，如雕塑、壁畫、節慶、Bai Sri與布織品等，都有以那伽為主題的文化產品，這是那伽民間文學轉化為無形文化資產的連帶效應。

Naga is an important part of Thai culture and Northeastern Thailand is the center of Naga culture, with a large and subtle Naga cultural heritage that includes folk literature and festivals. Generally speaking, in both traditional culture and the cultural and creative industries, the concepts of intangible Northeastern Naga cultural heritage appear to be derived from Naga folk literature. Therefore, understanding local intangible cultural heritage requires an examination of folk literature. The Naga's narratives of Thailand can be divided into two categories: Buddhist stories and indigenous stories. Although these two types of stories feature different images, both contribute to the formation of local wisdom. The research method of this article is qualitative research, the aim is to understand the relationship between Naga folklore and intangible cultural heritage. The results of this study show: (1) A close relationship between folk literature and the region's intangible cultural heritage: in particular, folk literature gives meaning to the Naga images which form the basis of local wisdom and affect the representation of Naga intangible cultural heritage. (2) Because the Thai government has promoted a policy of cultural protection, the promotion of local cultural industries has resulted in Naga themes being displayed in festivals and on cultural products including sculptures, murals, Bai Sri, fabrics, etc. This is the influence of changing from Naga folk literature to intangible cultural heritage.

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