The Relationships among Collective Efficacy, Team cohesion, Social Loafing, and Tug of War's Performance

集體效能、團隊凝聚力和社會懈怠與拔河成績表現之關係研究

10.6497/BSEPT.20031101_(3).0005

卓國雄(Kuo-Hsuing Cho)；盧俊宏(Frank Jing-Horng Lu)

集體效能 ； 團隊凝聚力 ； 社會懈怠 ； 拔河 ； collective efficacy ； team cohesion ； social loafing ； Tug of War

臺灣運動心理學報

3期（2003 / 11 / 01）

83 - 95

英文

本研究駐要是探討集體效能、團隊凝聚力首社會懈怠與拔河成績表現之關係。本研究系以22所國小拔河隊，共計選手478名。其中，男生234名、女生244名，平均年齡為12.53±0.47 歲為受試對象。首先進行集體效能評估量表和團隊情境量很（卓國雄，2000）的填答，再進行個人及集體的拉力測驗。最後，拔河成績表現以拔河錦標賽的成績計之。所得資料由皮爾遜積差相關和多元逐步迴歸分析結果顯示，集體效能和團隊凝聚的二者皆與拔河成績表現呈正相關；集體效能和團隊凝聚力二者皆與社會懈怠呈負相關；社會懈怠與拔河成績表現呈負相關。此外，「集體效能」和「工作凝聚力」二變項能有效預測拔河成績表現。 根據本研究結果部分支持研究假設，且就研究結果提供團隊運動教練參考，並提出未來有關運動情境中社會懈怠問題的研究方向，希冀有更多研究者投入此一研究路線。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among collective efficacy, team cohesion, social loafing, and Tug of War’s performance. Sixty Tug of War’s teams from 22 elementary schools, including 234 males and 244 females (mean age = 12.53 ±0.47) participated in this study . Instruments measured subjects’ Collective Efficacy Questionnaire and team cohesion with Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Chou, 2000) in the first stage. Following the pen-and –pencil tests, subjects were assessed with their pulling performance under individual and collective pulling conditions. finally, the author collected subjects’ Tug of War competition records after each tournament. Pearson product-moment correlation found that collective efficacy, team cohesion, and Tug of War’s performance were all positively correlated. However, collective efficacy and team cohesion were both negatively correlated to social loafing, and social loafing was negatively correlated to Tug of War’s performance. Further, a multiple stepwise regression found that collective efficacy and task cohesion predicted Tug of War’s performance, This study supported the most research hypotheses and theoretical predictions. The authors suggested that future research should extend social loafing theory to other social-psychological constructs such as achievement goals, attributions, and sport enjoyment so to find its theoretical associations.

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