異地「雙交」：以符號互動論談蘭嶼文化旅遊中的主客關係

Cultural Encounter-the Interactionbetween the Host and the Guest in the Cultural Tourism of Orchid Island

10.6231/CME.2008(19)03

李富美(Fu-Mei Lee)；顏妙桂(Miao-Kuei Yen)

蘭嶼 ； 達悟族 ； 文化旅遊 ； 民族誌方法學 ； 東道主 ； 旅遊者 ； 符號互動論 ； Orchid Island ； Tao tribe ； cultural tourism ； Ethnomethodology ； the host ； the traveler ； the interaction of semiotics

公民訓育學報

19期（2008 / 01 / 01）

55 - 81

繁體中文

少數民族地區的文化旅遊已成為世界旅遊的新趨勢，藉由文化旅遊增進彼此的了解與欣賞。本文旨在以民族誌研究法，採用參與觀察、深度訪談、文件蒐集方式，以符號互動為理論基礎探討蘭嶼旅遊過程中主客互動的關係及影響主客互動的因素，藉此研究結果期盼能以相互尊重的互動方式提昇旅遊文化。在經歷了大約二年的時間，訪談東道主34人、旅遊者41人，經資料分析後發現：互動後所產生的意義方面，包括：（一）體驗並創造旅遊互動過程中的隱形價值（二）以忠於事功的心待客（三）以朋友的心待客（四）相互回報與學習（五）找到對味的彼此。在影響互動的因素方面：包括：（一）文化覺知愈積極正向者，將會產生愈良好的互動關係（二）互動的空間1.整個島嶼都是教育、服務、互動空間2.民宿是最佳的動態性文化空間3.慷慨與回報的互惠關係連結成一個社會空間（三）旅遊者停留時間長短與彼此的時間感之間並未有太大的衝突產生（四）在地化的解說是最佳的溝通方式。綜合以上的發現得到以下的結論：一、東道主與旅遊者互動關係的改變；二、蘭嶼旅遊最具特色的互動因素：熱情、分享、對味、宗教；三、東道主在與他者互動下強化了自我認同。

It has been a new trend of the worldwide tour for people to experience the cultural traveling to the area of the minority group. Through the cultural travel tourists get to know each other and start to understand and appreciate the differences. The approach of ethnography and the theory of symbolic interaction were adopted in this study. In the meanwhile, the way of in-depth interviews, observations and documents were analyzed. This study explored the relationship between the host and the guest in the cultural tourism of Orchid Island and the factors which influenced the interaction between the host and the guest. Based on the research, the mutual respect between the interaction was expected and thus, to promote the cultural tourism.Through the years of two, there were 34 hosts in Orchid Island and 41 travelers interviewed. After the analysis of data, the meaningful perspectives of interaction were found including (1) experiencing and creating the invisible value between the interaction of tourism, (2) treating the guest with a faithful mind, (3) treating the guest with a friendly mind, (4) mutual repay and learning, and (5) finding each other's interesting. The factors which influenced the interactions included: (1) the more the cultural consciousness, the better the interaction, (2) the spaces for interaction, (a). the whole island provided the space for education, service and interaction, (b). hostel was the best motion cultural space, and (c). the social space which made mutually beneficial relationship of generosity and repay, (3) there was no contradiction between the duration of the travelers and each other's sense of timing, and (4) the explanation of localized introduction was the best way of communication. From the above, three main points were concluded: (1) the changes between the relationship between the host and the traveler, (2) the most distinctive factors for traveling to Orchid Island: passionate, sharing, mutual taste, and religion, and (3) under the interaction between the host and the other, the influence strengthened the self identification.