Estimation of Air Pollutants Emission from Ships in the Kaohsiung Harbor Area

Chengdi Dong；Kuo-Lin Huang；Chiu-Wen Chen；Chia-Wei Lee；Hsin-Yi Lin；Chih-Feng Chen

ship emissions ； air pollutants ； SO(subscript x) ； NO(subscript x)

Aerosol and Air Quality Research

2卷1期（2002 / 06 / 01）

31 - 40

英文

Kaohsiung Harbor is adjacent to Kaohsiung City, a metropolis that has long suffered from air pollution. The annual releases of air pollutants such as SO(subscript x), NO(subscript x), CO(subscript x), PM, and HC from stationary and land-based mobile sources in Kaohsiung city have recently been thoroughly studied. However, emissions from vessels (another mobile source) have not been extensively investigated and understood. Evaluating ship emissions in Kaohsiung's harbor waters may be crucial to controlling air pollution in Kaohsiung city. This work, therefore, estimates the emissions of air pollutants from ships in 1997 and evaluates their contributions to total emissions in the city of Kaohsiung. Various approaches of estimation based on different databases and assumptions yielded different results. The emissions of NO(subscript x), PM, HC, and CO were 13786, 341, 713, 1684 ton/yr, respectively, from vessels in Kaohsiung’s harbor waters, as estimated by Ship Operation method/Cargo method. Emissions of SO(subscript x) and NO(subscript x) were 4055 and 9125 ton/yr, respectively according to Lloyd's emission factor/fuel consumption approach and emissions of SO(subscript x) and NO(subscript x) were 4837 and 5114 ton/yr, respectively, according to ship exhaust measurement/calculation. The contributions of SO(subscript x), and NO(subscript x) from shipping in the Kaohsiung city area were significant. Around l0～22% of the total NO(subscript x) and 10～12% of the total SO(subscript x) emissions in Kaohsiung city were attributed to ships in the harbor waters of Kaohsiung.