企業建構ERP系統之決定因素的理論探索：一個實驗研究

A Theoretical Exploration of the Adoption of ERP: A Experimental Study

10.6188/JEB.2004.6(2).03

莊世杰(Shin-Chieh Chuang)；賴志松(Chih-Sung Lai)

企業資源規劃 ； 制度理論 ； 資源依賴理論 ； 資源基礎理論 ； 交易成本理論 ； ERP ； institutional theory ； resource dependence theory ； resource-based view ； transaction cost theory

電子商務學報

6卷2期（2004 / 09 / 01）

193 - 219

繁體中文

企業資源規劃（Enterprise Resource Planning；ERP）此一概念自1980年由Gartner Group 提出後，至今發展已逾二十年。根據Hoffman（1998）調查Fortune前1000大企業已建構ERP系統的接近百分之七十;全球ERP市場規模預估2002年近520億美元（引自MIC IT IS計劃，1999）。這些數據的背後代表ERP系統的建構已是企業在激烈競爭的環境中，不可或缺的資訊技術。 由於ERP系統導入相當昂貴，動輒數千萬元並且必須配合企業流程改造（BPR； business process re-engineering），對企業而言是項重大的組織變革，因此，過去的研究大都集中於如何有效的導入ERP系統，以提高投資報酬率。但這些研究與調查都甚少注意到：(1)企業為何要建構ERP系統，為何有些企業不建構ERP系統？(2)為什麼企業建構ERP系統增加的比率會隨著時間的增加而增加，企業是基於何種理由或目的建構ERP系統？(3)競爭者的實施、實施成本及軟體差異性等因素對企業建構ERP系統的決策有何影響？ 本研究以四個現代化的組織理論包括(1)制度理論(2)資源依賴理論(3)資源基礎理論(4)交易成本理論為研究架構基礎，建立一套「企業決定建構ERP系統」之完整整合模型。其中是否建構ERP系統之三項考慮變數：制度壓力變數（競爭者壓力、協力廠商壓力）、效率壓力變數（低成本策略、差異化策略）、抗拒壓力動機變數（建構成本、軟體差異、導入方式、ERP出現時間、公司成立時間、公司組織規模），將這些考慮變數以實驗法來做分析，更利用實際案例加強說明。研究結果証實了本研究的研究模型，說明一個企業經理人在建構ERP時所可能考慮的因素，其模型具有高度的解釋與預測的功能。

In this study we explore theoretical explanations of manager's decisions about Enterprise Resource Planning. First, we examine the adoption Enterprise Resource Planning through four theoretic lenses: (1) institutional theory (2) resource dependence theory, (3) resource-based view (4) transaction cost. We then integrate the relevant insights gained from these theories into a more complete model and develop 8 hypothesises. The empirical results supports our model that manager's decision about adoption ERP.

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