魔域／魔慾：蘇童《米》中的城市父權隱喻與女性身體政治

In the Name of the Father: Oedipus Patricide Myth and Female Body Politics in Su Tong's Rice

10.6420/DHJHS.200307.0093

林熒嬌(Ying-Chiao Lin)

精神分析 ； 父權隱喻 ； 弒父神話 ； 資本主義社會 ； 女性身體政治 ； psychoanalysis ； Jacques Lacan ； Name-of-the-Father ； Phallus ； father-surrogate ； Oedipal castration ； patricide ； urban capitalism ； femake body politics

東華人文學報

5期（2003 / 07 / 01）

93 - 117

繁體中文

本文旨在說明蘇童的作品《米》乃是城市黑暗文化的呈現，文中特別著重於暴力、資本主義、以及女性等議題做分析與討論。透過精神分析理論，本文嘗試解讀《米》中的城市文化中的弒父神話以及城市文化與女性身體政治二者之關係。根據拉崗的理論，《米》中的城市乃一致命意符，代表象徵陽具(Phallus)，是蘇童的這名逃難鄕村青年主角之意欲取得的對象，以作爲他在鄕村洪水災難中所產生的匱乏感(lack)之塡補。也即是，書中主角是從幻想城市如天堂的想像期過渡到經歷城市父權文化的象徵期（文化和語言的時期）。而主角象徵性的弒父之因乃在於，他欲取得這三位父親代理人所代表的父之名的地位，藉以消弭在伊狄帕斯期的受閹割焦慮。另方面，《米》中的女性意象呈現，皆有被貶低爲不堪被嵌入在正統、或者抬面上的都市文化，經常是被注視(gaze)的客體，與低俗文化相連。文本中對女性的闡釋常常是：邪惡、淫蕩（性）、疾病、死亡。而蘇童在《米》作品中的女性角色主要有二種塑像：一是妓女形象，一是貞潔處女形象。二者的命運下場似乎透露作者對女性形象看法的訊息。蘇童似乎試圖說，女性能在都市文化中存活的法則是：要瞭解並符合都市（資本主義社會）的價值交換原則，才能保證生存的可能。

Su Tong's novel, Rice, is concerned with the deterioration of a ”city atmosphere” that is deeply rooted in the minds of the city's people. The city dwellers (including the protagonist) will be forced to undergo a psychic transformation into a monster-like creature: the narrative discloses the hidden monstrosity of this corrupted and deformed city culture. Adopting theories from psychoanalysis, especially Lacan, I will argue here that the image of the ”city” in Rice is then the ultimate signifier or in Lacanian terms the Phallus, the desired object for the protagonist, the object which can fill the sense of lack he has brought with him from the countryside where disastrous floods have ruined the rice crop. I thus interpret this man's journey from the country to the city as a journey from the preoedipal Imaginary order to the Symbolic order of culture and language of the Name-of-the-Father. The protagonist's symbolic killing of three father-surrogates-embodiments of violence, exploitative capitalism and their combination-is driven by his Oedipal castration anxiety, his need to replace the ”father” in order to gain the Phallus. On the other hand, the city women in Rice are largely associated with obscenity, disease, animalism, and death. As both ”prostitutes” and ”virgins,” the two main female types in the novel, they are subjected to the violent, exploitative, seemingly pre-ordained patriarchal laws of a dark urban capitalism.

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