非胰島素依賴型糖尿病盛行率與危險因子

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

10.6288/CJPH1997-16-04-02

陳國東(Kow-Tong Chen)；陳建仁(Chien-Jen Chen)

非胰島素依賴型糖尿病 ； 盛行率 ； 危險因子 ； non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ； prevalence ； risk factor

中華公共衛生雜誌

16卷4期（1997 / 08 / 01）

291 - 308

繁體中文

本文是要對世界各地非胰島素依賴型糖尿病盛行率及危險因子做一文獻探討。已有許多研究証明糖尿病的盛行率因人群年齡結構、地域、種族之不同而有很大的差異，即使是同一種族，生活型態不同，其盛行率也不同。在傳統生活型態的社會非胰島素依賴型糖尿病的盛行率很低，隨著現代化生活的演進，盛行率隨著提高；1940年以前，美國Pima印地安人，太平洋島嶼的Micronesian及Polynesian很少被發現有糖尿病，不過現在已有相當高的糖尿病盛行率。引發糖尿病的危險因子包括遺傳因素、肥胖、老化、高胰島素血症、飲食、運動過少、血脂異常、懷孕胎數、蛋白尿及高尿酸血症等。 台灣地區近年來由於社會經濟的發展，生活型態及飲食習慣的改變，糖尿病已逐漸變為威脅國人健康的主要疾病。目前國內這方面的研究還不多，期待更多的投入，找出國人引起非胰島素依賴型糖尿病之危險因子，使國人免於罹患非胰島素依賴型糖尿病。

Research on prevalence and risk factors of non-insulin-dependent-diabetes (NIDDM) were reviewed in detail. There is clear evidence that prevalence rates of NIDDM varying from country to country, between ethnic groups within the same country, and within the same ethnic group living under different conditions. In particular, populations undergoing rapid westernization or which have migrated to more westernized countries have tended to develop higher prevalence of NIDDM. Prior to 1940, diabetes was rarely seen in the populations of Pima Indians, Micronesia, Polyneasia. However, high prevalence rates have been reported from urbanized area of Micronesia and Polynesia. Genetic factor, obesity, aging, hyperinsulinemia, diet, physical activity, dyslipidemia, parity, proteinuria, and uric acid have been found to be correlated with prevalence of NIDDM. It is the chronic disease which has the marked increasing rate of death numbers in Taiwan. The purpose of this paper is to review the prevalence and risk factors of NIDDM in different studies and provide for prevention and intervention efforts.