目標情境和自覺能力對國民小學學童之內在動機、壓力及表現的影響

The Influence of Goal Setting Condition and Perceived Ability on the Intrinsic Motivation and Pressure and Performance for Elementary School Students

10.7074/JYDC.200311.0011

邱文信(Wen-Hsin Chiu)

目標情境 ； 自覺能力 ； 壓力 ； 運動動機 ； 表現 ； goal set condition ； perceived ability ； intrinsic motivation ； pressure ； performance

育達研究叢刊

5&6期（2003 / 11 / 01）

231 - 244

繁體中文

The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of goal setting condition and perceived ability on elementary school students' intrinsic motivation, pressure and performance. There were 29 subjects drawn from Hai kao elementary school. And basketball shooting was used as the experimental task. All the subjects were divided into assigned goal set condition group and perceived ability group by pretest. The instruments administered to the subjects were Perceived Ability Inventory and State Anxiety Inventory. The collect data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The main findings of this study were that there was no significant difference for different goal setting condition and perceived ability on elementary school students' intrinsic motivation, pressure and performance. Even though the results of statistics showed no significant difference, it suggested there were some differences from the mean of statistics. The main suggestions from the study were (1) The coach of elementary school should encourage the students to establish the goal set condition compared with their own standard. By doing so, this kind of goal set condition would reduce the state anxiety of students. (2) The coach of elementary school should encourage the students to establish the goal set condition that compared with themselves. By doing so, this kind of goal set condition would increase the intrinsic motivation of students. (3) The coach of elementary school should help the students with high perceived ability compare their performance with others to reinforce their intrinsic motivation and reduce their anxiety. Then, theses students' performances would be either improved or the opportunity of continuing to participate in sports would increase. The reason that the result of the research is not as significant as anticipated were as follows: (1) The temptation is not strong enough. Theses toys could not match the Need of theses students. The researcher should at first investigate what kind of toys they are really interested in. Besides, good friends' behaviors are different. Some would actively invite subjects to do other things, some don't. The difference would affect the reliability of this research. (2) The hidden camera would be sometimes found by subjects which would cause theses subjects to be nervous. The difference would affect the validity of this research. Based on the findings, some explanations were offered, and applications of the study were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were offered for the future study.

The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of goal setting condition and perceived ability on elementary school students' intrinsic motivation, pressure and performance. There were 29 subjects drawn from Hai kao elementary school. And basketball shooting was used as the experimental task. All the subjects were divided into assigned goal set condition group and perceived ability group by pretest. The instruments administered to the subjects were Perceived Ability Inventory and State Anxiety Inventory. The collect data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The main findings of this study were that there was no significant difference for different goal setting condition and perceived ability on elementary school students' intrinsic motivation, pressure and performance. Even though the results of statistics showed no significant difference, it suggested there were some differences from the mean of statistics. The main suggestions from the study were (1) The coach of elementary school should encourage the students to establish the goal set condition compared with their own standard. By doing so, this kind of goal set condition would reduce the state anxiety of students. (2) The coach of elementary school should encourage the students to establish the goal set condition that compared with themselves. By doing so, this kind of goal set condition would increase the intrinsic motivation of students. (3) The coach of elementary school should help the students with high perceived ability compare their performance with others to reinforce their intrinsic motivation and reduce their anxiety. Then, theses students' performances would be either improved or the opportunity of continuing to participate in sports would increase. The reason that the result of the research is not as significant as anticipated were as follows: (1) The temptation is not strong enough. Theses toys could not match the Need of theses students. The researcher should at first investigate what kind of toys they are really interested in. Besides, good friends' behaviors are different. Some would actively invite subjects to do other things, some don't. The difference would affect the reliability of this research. (2) The hidden camera would be sometimes found by subjects which would cause theses subjects to be nervous. The difference would affect the validity of this research. Based on the findings, some explanations were offered, and applications of the study were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were offered for the future study.