農業策略聯盟型態選擇準則之探討

An Investigation of Selective Criteria of Choosing a Proper Allied Type of Agricultural Strategic Alliance

10.29975/CJAM.200312.0009

黃振德(Chen-Te Huang)

策略聯盟 ； 交易成本 ； 監管成本 ； 產業組織 ； 聯盟型態 ； strategic alliance ； transaction costs ； governance costs ； industrial organization ； allied type

農業經營管理年刊

9期（2003 / 12 / 01）

220 - 240

繁體中文

自從民國89年農委會推動農業策略聯盟政策以來，臺灣的農業策略聯盟如雨後春筍，紛紛成立。但目前多數農業策略聯盟頗有為聯盟而聯盟之現象，實失去策略聯盟之意義，自然影響其績效。本文之目的在於透過策略聯盟之理論基礎各種可能型態策略聯盟內涵及策略聯盟結盟程序等之探討，以導出策略聯盟型態選擇之準則，並據以檢視國內農業策略聯盟發展狀況，提出農業策略聯盟型態之選擇建議。 廣義「策略聯盟」指：「以個體本身資源去換取對本個體有利的互補性資源，且資源取得總成本為最小的合作方式。」互補性資源包括土地、勞力、資金、生產資材、生產設施、產能、通路、技術、專利、品牌、企業形象、資訊，或是自然景觀等等。資源取得總成本包括交易成本及監管成本，而可能聯盟型式則包括介於市場交易至內部化組織之間的各種型態或交易關係連續帶，不一而足，且各種聯盟型態內鑲著結盟者不同之權利義務關係及成本效益，有其不同之適用情況，有評選之必要。 本文對聯盟型態選擇準則之主要結論為，結盟者首先需設定本身目標，由目標認定所需求之資源標的，再評估適用此資源標的各種可用聯盟型態之交易成本、監管成本及可行性等，以決定適當之聯盟型態，然後才進行結盟，並經營管理之；而對於農業策略聯盟之主要建議在於結盟者應依實際需求自主發展，政府則避免直接介入其聯盟型態之選擇。

Agricultural strategic alliances are prevailing in Taiwan in recent year. But the benefit of alliance seems few since the aligners didn’t choose a proper allied type. This paper intends to give suggestions of choosing a proper allied type by inducing some principles from the theoretical foundations, content of various allied types, and procedures of strategic alliance. The definition of strategic alliance was defined as: “Agents allied with each other or one another in order to get complement resource by minimizing the total acquisition cost of the resource.” The complement resource may be land, labor, capital, inputs, production, facilities, capacity, marketing channel, technology, intellectual property right, brand, entrepreneurial image, information, and so on. The total acquisition cost of the resource includes transaction costs and governance costs. The possible allied types vary from trading at market to hierarchy. The spectrum or continuum of allied type is much diverse. Each allied type embeds its benefit and cost. So, it is necessary to find ways to evaluate and choose from these types. This paper, thus, suggests that the aligner should set his/her goal first, then figures out what kind of complement resource he/she need and list possible allied types that are adequate for getting this kind of resource. Finally, his/her can choose the most proper allied type by minimizing the total acquisition cost of the resource. In the procedure of ally, the participants should consider their real need, while the government had better not intervene in the choice of allied type.

1. Alic, J. A.(1990).Cooperation in R&D.Technovation,10(5),319-332.
2. Badaracco, J. L.(1991).The Knowledge Link: How Firms Compete through Strategic Alliances.Moston, MA:Harvard Business School Press.
3. Barney, J. B.(1991).Firm Resource and Sustained Competitive Advantage.Journal of Management Science,17,99-120.
4. Baum, J.,C. Oliver(1991).Institutional Linkages and Organizational Mortality.Administrative Science Quarterly,36,187-218.
5. Bulter, R. J.,M. Carney(1986).Strategic and Strategic Choice: The Case of Telecommunication.Strategic Management Journal,7,161-177.
6. Coase, R.H.(1937).The Nature of the Firm.Economica,4,386-405.
7. Contractor, F. J.(1990).Ownership Patterns of U.S. Joint Ventures Abroad and the Liberalization of Foreign Government Regulations in the 1980s: Evidence from the Benchmark Surveys.Journal of International Business Studies,First Quarter,55-73.
8. Devlin, G.,L. Biggs(1989).Partners in the Strategic Quick-step.Accountancy,Nov,144-146.
9. Hagedoorn, J.(1993).Understanding the Rationale of Strategic Technology Partnering: Interorganizational Modes of Cooperation and Sectoral Differences.Strategic Management Journal,14,317-385.
10. Harrigan, K. R.(1986).Managing for Joint Venture Success.New York:Lexington Books.
11. Harrigan, K. R.(1988).Joint Ventures and Competitive Strategy.Strategic Management Journal,9,141-158.
12. Harrigan, K. R.,F. J. Contractor(Edited),P. Lorange(1988).Cooperative Strategies in International Business.New York:Lexington Books.
13. Hennart, J. F.(1988).A Transaction Costs Theory of Equity Joint Ventures.Strategic Management Journal,9,361-374.
14. Hladik, K. J.,F. J. Contractor(Edited),P. Lorange(1988).Cooperative Strategies in International Business.New York:Lexington Books.
15. Kogut, B.(1991).Joint Ventures and the Option to Expend and Acquire.Management Science,37,19-33.
16. Kogut, B.(1988).Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives.Strategic Management Review,9,319-332.
17. Merrifield, D. B.(1989).Strategic Alliances in the Global Market Place.Rrsearch Technology Management,32(1),15-20.
18. Peteraf, E.(1993).The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-based View.Strategic Management Journal,14,171-191.
19. Pfeffer, J.,P. Nowak(1976).Joint Ventures and Interorganizational Interdependence.Administrative Science Quarterly,21(3),398-418.
20. Porter M. E.(Edited),Fuller M. B.(1986).Competition in Global Industries.Boston, Massachusetts:Harvard Business School Press.
21. Rigby, D. K.,W. T. Buchanan(1994).Putting More Strategy into Strategic Alliances.Directors & Boards,Winter
22. Ulrich, D.,J. B. Barney(1984).Perspectives in Organization: Resource Dependence, Efficiency, and Population.Academy of Management Review,9(3),471-481.
23. Wernerfelt, B.(1984).A Resource-based View of the Firm.Strategic Management Journal,5,171-180.
24. Williamson, O. E.(1985).The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting.New York:Free Press.
25. Williamson, O. E.(1991).Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatiove.Administrative Science Quarterly,36,269-296.
26. 方至民、曾志弘(1997)。形成條件對中外合資企業績效之影響。中山管理評論，5(2)，537-552。
27. 行政院農業委員會(2003)。行政院農業委員會重要政績。報行政院資料。
28. 吳青松(1992)。產業策略聯盟之國際發展型態與趨勢。臺灣經濟研究月刊，15(5)，23-27。
29. 呂瑋卿(2000)。後競爭時代策略聯盟法律問題初探。資訊法務透析，12(2)，34-45。
30. 李文瑞(1983)。國際企業進入策略－全資經營與合資經營的比較（上）。產業金融季刊，80，17-27。
31. 李文瑞、曹為忠(2000)。文化差異與溝通程度對策略聯盟運作影響之研究。產業金融季刊，106，39-50。
32. 李文瑞、曹為忠、林志豪(2000)。策略聯盟類型與績效影響因素之研究。中山管理評論，8(2)，273-302。
33. 林文寶(2001)。環境不確定性、企業文化差異、策略聯盟類型與策略聯盟績效關係之研究。商管科技季刊，2(2)，157-179。
34. 邱柏松(2002)。國際策略聯盟－在國內的現況與績效。經濟情勢暨評論，8(3)，14-22。
35. 黃延真(2001)。企業合併與收購。技術與訓練，26(2)，41-57。
36. 黃美玲(1994)。從企業國際化之趨勢探討企業合資聯營之會計處理。德明學報，10，1-12。
37. 葉匡時、蔡敦浩、周德光(1993)。策略聯盟的發展策略－交易成本的觀點。管理評論，12，99-117。
38. 廖耀宗(2003)。食品市場。
39. 蕭王勉(2000)。策略聯盟協商及其法律議題。智慧財產權管理，26，46-52。

1. 謝佳珍、林豐瑞(2005)。休閒農場經營者競合模式之建構－以南部地區為例。農業經營管理，11，63-94。
2. (2006)。屏東切花與果樹生產者對農用品資材共同採購意願之研究。臺灣銀行季刊，57(1)，249-275。