現階段政府應如何輔導養殖業者以增進其競爭力

How Should the Government Do to Guide and Assistant the Taiwan Fish Farmers to Increase Their Competitiveness at the Present Stage

10.29975/CJAM.200912.0001

孫寧(Peter Lin Sun)；楊鈞軸(Chun-Chou Yang)

水產養殖業 ； 環境惡化 ； 競爭力 ； 輔導措施 ； aquaculture industry ； environmental deterioration ； competitive ability ； guide and assist measures

農業經營管理年刊

15期（2009 / 12 / 01）

1 - 20

繁體中文

近年來由於養殖環境惡化、產業競爭力不足等原因，養殖業經營日益困難。本研究根據問卷結果來探討漁政單位應如何輔導產業而業者應如何配合以改善目前之困境。本研究問卷訪談由2008年8月至10月，對象為台灣養殖界（產官學三者），共計95份有效問卷。問卷結果經統計及信度、效度及無母數分析，並由文獻、訪談者建議等資料詮釋。結果顯示，養殖界對產業經營危機及環境惡化、產量過剩均有共識，而業者因應環境惡化之方式為以藥物控制為主，此情形遠較官、學兩者之瞭解為嚴重，又業者對產品缺乏競爭力及地層下陷危害環境之體認不足。本文建官養殖生產區內、外均應納入輔導，應強化對產品之檢驗及查緝走私漁貨工作，應建立不良養殖場淘汰機制，同時應減少業者對產業之依存度以降低放養密度以改善養殖環境及改善產量過剩等問題。文中並對各項建議提供具體之實施方法。

Aquaculture management in Taiwan becomes more difficult now than before due to environmental deterioration and lacking of competitive ability of this industry. Based on questionnaires results, we give suggestions on how the fisheries authorities should do to assist and guide fish farmers, and how the farmers should do to cooperate with the government, together to improve these situations. Questionnaires were performed between August and October of 2008, persons which were interviewed included all members (farmers, scholars and researchers, and officials) of this industry. There were 95 effective questionnaires. After statistical analyses of the questionnaires, the analyzed results were interpreted by reviewed literatures as well as the interviewees' suggestions. Results revealed that the three groups of this industry fully recognized that the aquaculture environment was becoming worse, and management of this industry became more and more difficult. The farmers were found using chemicals to control the deteriorated environment, and were also found lacking of awareness that their products didn't have enough competitive ability. This study suggests that the whole industry is necessary to be assisted and guided, not only the smaller part that located inside the aquaculture districts. The examination of hygienic condition of products and the stopping of smuggled fishculture products to seep into Taiwan from Mainland China should be strengthened. The mechanism for repelling of farmers with poor products should be established. The measures that encourage farmers reducing stocking density to reduce disease problems and production, and to increase product quality should also be applied. This study also offers feasible methods that can fulfill these suggestions.

1. 孫金華、江福松、張凱音(2005)。台灣漁業部門受大陸漁產品進口替代之衝擊評估。農業經濟叢刊，11(1)，107-141。
   連結：
2. Boyd, C. E.(2007).Environmental issues in small-scale aquaculture.Aquaculture 2007,San Antonio, Texas:
3. Boyd, C. E.,Schmittou, H. R.(1999).Achievement of sustainable aquaculture through environment management.Aquaculture Economics & Management,3(1),59-69.
4. Lee, W. C.,Chen, Y. H.,Lee, Y. C.,Liao, I. C.(2003).The competitiveness of the eel aquaculture in Taiwan, Japan, and China.Aquaculture,221,115-124.
5. McVey, J. P.,Lee, C. S.,O'Bryen, P.J.(2006).Aquaculture and Ecosystems: An Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management Approach.Louisiana:World Aquaculture Society.
6. Pillay, T. V. R.(1992).Aquaculture and the Environment.England:Fishing News Books.
7. Pullin, R. S. V.(ed.),Rosenthal, H.(ed.),Maclean, J. L.(ed.)(1993).Environment and aquaculture in developing countries.Manila:ICLARM.
8. Sun, P.L.(2004).Open pond recirculating aquaculture studies and the land shrinkage stopping and prevention policies of Taiwan.World Aquaculture,35(3),14-23.
9. 毛冠貴(2005)。台灣西部沿海養殖地區轉型使用機制之研究。農業經濟半年刊，72，3-39。
10. 水產養殖試驗所(2003)。養殖水產生物病害防治。基隆:農委會水產養殖試驗所。
11. 石聖龍(2005)。養殖漁業發展方向之探討。農委會臺灣漁業政策總體檢系列研討會，台北:
12. 江福松、沈士新、孫金華、陳荔彤(2006)。漁業署95年度委辦計畫漁業署95年度委辦計畫,海洋大學。
13. 李友平、張國強、劉萬里(2001)。台灣地區地下水資源現況。第四屆地下水資源與水質保護研討會，屏東:
14. 林台尉(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東科技大學水產養殖系研究所。
15. 林傑斌、劉明德、陳湘(2002)。SPSS 11統計分析實務設計寶典。台北:博碩文化。
16. 孫寧(2003)。行政院農業委員會補助研究計畫行政院農業委員會補助研究計畫,屏東科技大學。
17. 孫寧、楊鈞軸、林台尉(2007)。對改善台灣養殖環境及增進養殖產業競爭力 之方向規劃。臺灣農村經濟學會論文發表會，台中:
18. 張福龍(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台灣海洋大學應用經濟研究所。
19. 黃錦城(2006)。水產品加工製程之安全管制。台灣水產，640，30-40。
20. 楊世瑩(2007)。SPSS統計分析實務。台北:旗標。
21. 養魚世界(2003)。水產及動物食品藥物殘留事件的起伏。養魚世界，12 月份，59-74。