紹堯－悔之－逍遙論述櫟社首任社長賴悔之之思想情懷

Shao-yao-Hui-zhi-Xiao-yao: A Study of Philosophy and Thoughts of Hui-zhi Lai as the First Director of Li Society

10.6973/CJ.200406.0135

周益忠(Yi-Zhong Zhou)

櫟社 ； 創社三老 ； 逍遙詩草 ； 儒家本懷 ； 屈騷幽怨 ； 莊子精神 ； 場域 ； 將無同 ； 文學治療 ； 酬唱 ； 紹述堯舜 ； 時命悲歌 ； Li Society ； Three elders of setting Li Society ； Poetry of Xiao-yao(release) ； Spirits of Confucius ； Sorrow and sadness in Qu-yuan's Li-sao ； Spirits of Zhuang-zi ； "Jiang wu tong" meaning the thoughts of Confu

國文學誌

8期（2004 / 06 / 01）

135 - 172

繁體中文

賴悔之(1871-1917)，爲前清彰化大莊武舉人賴登雲之孫，光緒生員。日治後與林癡仙、林南强等共組櫟社，幷稱「天荒地老三詩客」爲創社三老，深爲當世名家所重。一生「攢眉長受吟魔役」，詩酒輕狂幾二十年。以詩名世，被推爲櫟社首任社長，然生前幷未結集，癡仙歿後一年，悔之亦隨之仙逝，所作多散佚，幸有連雅堂《台灣詩薈》等摘錄其詩，乃有作品六十餘首存世。 悔之本名紹堯，卻又自署其詩集為《逍遙詩草》，可見其處於亂世，內心之矛盾。因而細讀其詩作，析分其情懷為：一、儒家本懷，又分爲二：1、自咏、酬答以寄慨，如〈秋懷〉之一，2、遊覽託物以興懷，如〈遊八堡圳水源感作〉等；二、屈騷幽怨，又分為三：1、詠懷訴時命之悲歌，如〈歲暮雜感〉 四首之一，2、詠物寓身世之至慟，如〈落花〉十首，3、詠史哀鄉國之淪亡，如〈謁延平王祠〉等；三、莊子精神，又分為三：l、述古酬寄以共勉，如〈病起戲作呈櫟社諸友〉,2，嘉會放歌以述懷，如〈聚星樓放歌呈懷庭社弟〉,3、冶遊賞花以自遣，如〈冶春絕句〉八首等；四、無奈與自遣，以其詩〈桃花扇題詞〉之句「俠氣儒魂兩未消，強將詞筆賦妖嬌」為喻，說其詩作中時又－將無同－各種情懷交織呈現。 篇末並言侮之以詩作自我治療之過程與意義。探討其縱情詩酒，實乃自〈次韻答癡仙〉所言：「酒中誠可逃，有託非沉溺」，幷分其途徑爲三：1、朋儕詩酒相濡以沫；2、詠史懷人藉古傷今；3、即景託物自救救人。以此說悔之詩篇屢引用莊子實與梁社之精神相契合，不能因其嗜酒而忽之，末則再以其不能人如其名：紹述堯舜之道，有所作為，徒情寄屈騷、以名士自放，卻又因時命之悲歌不能自已，竟以盛年而終，令人深嘆其生於斯世之無奈。

Hui-zhi Lai was an official student in the reign of Emperor Quang-xu. His grandfather was a military officer in Da-zhung of Zhang-hua in the early Qing dynasty. He organized Li Society with Ci-xian Lin and Nan-Qiang Lin in Japanese-occupied Taiwan. They were called ”three poets till the end of the world.” They were three elders of setting Li Society and highly respected by the celebrities then. Lai was always driven by the impulse of writing poems in his lifetime. He spent almost twenty years writing poems and drinking. He was well-known for his poems and chosen as the first director of Li Society. Lai passed away one year later than Ci-xian Lin's death. Lai did not collect his poems into a poetry when he was alive. After he passed away, his poems were scattered and disappeared. Because Ya-tang Lian had adopted Lai's poems in ”Collection of Taiwan Poems,” we can read about sixty poems by Lai. Lai's first name was Shao-yao, meaning to inherit the spirits of Yao and Shun, who were two great emperors in ancient China. However, he named his poetry ”Poetry of Xiao-yao”, meaning poetry of ya, to show the conflicts in his thoughts when living in the time of turbulence. Therefore, after studying his poetry, his thoughts are divided into four parts. The first is the spirits of Confucius. One is to ya his worry in his own poems or in the poems in response to other poets' poems, such as in the first poem of ”To Autumn.” The other is to depict his thoughts in visiting places as in one of the four poems ”Visiting the Ba-ban Drain.” The second the same sorrow and sadness as in Qu-yuan's Li-sao. (Qu-yuan was a Chinese poet in 340-278B.C. and Li-sao was his poetry.) One is the sad words about the time and fortune as in one of the opens ”Thoughts at the End of the Year.” Another is the sorrow in life as in the ten poems ”Fallen Flowers.” The other is the sadness about history about losing hos own country to Japan as in ”Visiting King Yan-ping's Temple.” The third is the spirits of Zhuang-zi. One is to tell the history and to encourage his companions as in the poem ”Presenting to the Friends in Li Society during the Time of Being Sick.” Another is to describe the happy gathering of Li Society as in ”Singing in Ju-xing Lou for Junior Huai-ting.” The fourth is the frustration and self-release. In the poem ”The Words on Peach Blossom Fan” he wrote ”Although the spirit of knight and the mind of scholar have not vanished, I am forced to sing for the beauty in my poem.” His poems are suitable for his time and ”jiang wu tong”, meaning the thoughts of Confucius and the thoughts of Lao-zi are identical. In the last part of the study is the process and meaning in which Lai treated himself by writing poems and thinking to explain why he was captivated by writing poems and drinking. In the poem ”The Next Rhyme Responding to Ci-xian,” he wrote ”I could escape in the wine, I am not addicted to it because I drink for my own purpose.” There are three purposes. The first is to drink and write poems with his peers for sharing his feelings with them. The second is to write about history or memorable people and to reflect the reality. The third is to help himself as well as others in depicting the scenery. In this viewpoint. Lai used Zhung-zi's words to match the thoughts of Li Society and this can not be ignored for his addiction to drinking. The end of the study presents that Lai could not realize the ambition - to inherit the spirit of Yao and Shun- and could not become somebody. On the contrary, he put his thoughts in Qu-yuan's Li-sau and adopted an unconventional way of life. He could not release the sorrow of his time and fortune and passed away at the golden age. It is a great pity that he was forced to live such a life.