《莊子》論愛探析

An Exploration on Love in Chuang-tzu

10.6973/CJ.200612.0001

王志楣(Chih-Mei Wang)

莊子 ； 愛 ； 道家 ； 老莊 ； 天人合一 ； Chaung-tzu ； love ； Taoism ； Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu ； a theory that man is an integral part of nature

國文學誌

13期（2006 / 12 / 01）

1 - 20

繁體中文

莊子向重視人生具體的修養境界，而「愛」是人生永恆的議題，不過，歷來研究莊子者，往往把矚目的焦點放在道論、齊物、修養方法等理論上，罕見對莊子有關「愛」之思想探討；本文即選擇莊書中使用「愛」字之語詞者加以分類分析，已見其意涵、作用所在。 經本文探討後，知莊子對愛之詮釋，雖無嚴謹一致之定義，然可確知莊子並不肯定贊同一般世俗感性之喜愛及儒、墨所倡之仁愛、兼愛，而是期待臻至至人無己之愛的境界，追求並發揚這種與道家根本精神契合的愛，亦是一種修道、體道的過程、理想。 莊子對「愛」之見解自有其時代背景意義，其目的無非要透過創新的批判、超越，以重建思想文化體系，以符合道家自然人生哲學，挽救日趨紛亂的社會人心。 本文同時從莊書中歸納出如何從世俗之愛邁向契道之愛的方法，亦即透過身心的修練，恢復心靈本然純真狀態，將可朗現莊子所謂的道家之愛，亦可謂達到天人合一之層次。

Even though ”Love” is the eternal issue in human's life, Chuang-tzu was a person who emphasized real cultivation of people. It is often seen that most people who studied Chuang-tzu have put toomuch emphases on his Taoism, Making All Things Equal, and the theories of cultivations but Chuang-tzu explorations of ”Love” are rarely examined by people. This paper, by selecting the usages of the word ”love” in Chuang-tzu, intends to categorize and analyze the significance and functions of the word. After analyzing, this paper finds that there is no exact and consistent definition of Chuang-tzu's ”love” But, it is sure that Chuang-tzu didn't agree to the notions of earthen emotionalism, Confucianism's humanity, or Mohist's love without distinction. Chuang-tzu, as a matter of fact, was expecting a state of love in which only a saint's selfless love existed. To Chuang-tzu's mind, pursuing and promoting this kind of love is in itself a process and ideal of practicing andexperiencing Tao. Chuang-tzu's notion of love has its historical significance for he tried to reestablish a system of thoughts and culture through creative criticism and transcendence. For him, the promotion of Taoism philosophy was to save the chaotic mind in society. This paper generalizes from Chuang-tzu a method how one can escape fromearthen emotionalism to Tao's love. Through Chuang-tzu love and the practicing of body and mind, one can regain his/her purest state of mind and become an integral part of nature.

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