朱子的“氣象”概念

The Concept about "Qi-Xiang" in Zhu-Xi's Works

10.6973/CJ.200612.0061

康雲山(Yun-Shan Kang)

心性體驗 ； 朱子 ； 氣象 ； Zhu-Xi ； Qi-Xiang ； the exploration for Xin-Xing

國文學誌

13期（2006 / 12 / 01）

61 - 78

繁體中文

朱子好以「氣象」評論人物的心性涵養、形迹風貌、語言文字風貌、思想識見風貌及文學藝術作品風貌等。考其原因，與其多年苦證窮索心性有關。朱子十四歲就用力於二程的為己之學，二程即好以「氣象」描繪聖人道德涵養的境界與形迹。朱子受二程影響，之後，十五歲學禪，不數年，體會禪的昭昭靈靈氣象。二十四歲從學延平，接受延平靜坐體驗喜怒哀樂未發之中的氣象之教導。三十九歲發展中和新說。四十歲成立中和新說，確立思想規模。總共二十七年的時間，用力於心性的體驗，因此，拈出「氣象」概念作為價值判斷與審美判斷的依據。

Zhu-Xi 朱熹 liked to use ”Qi-Xiang” 氣象 in his critique of personality, writing style, and thought of people, as well as of literature and art works. It resulted from his long-time exploration for the content of Oi-Xiang and Xin-Xing 心性. Zhu-Xi had been sedulous in studying the moral philosophy of Cheng-Yi 程頤 and Cheng-Hao 程灝 since he was fourteen years old. Chengs often used Qi-Xiang to describe the moral practices of sages. In addition to Chengs' philosophy, Zhu-Xi also learned dhyana in fifteen. Moreover, when he was twenty four years of age, he was taught by Li-Dong 李侗 to appreciate halcyon emotion in meditation. Both helped him researching into the content of Qi-Xiang. As a result, the exploration for Qi-Xiang influenced his theory of Zhong-He中和that he started to develop in thirty nine and completed in forty. In sum, he had been diligent in researching on Qi-Xiang and Xin-Xing for totally twenty seven years. Therefore, this essay is ambitious to discuss how Qi-Xiang used by Zhu-Xi for value judgment and aesthetic judgment.

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