論王羲之的道教信仰與活動

On Wang Xizhi's Religious Faith and Devout Activities About Taoism

陳昭坤(Chen Zhao-Kun)

上章首過 ； 王羲之 ； 五斗米道 ； 五石散 ； 服食 ； 黃庭經 ； Wang Xizhi ； Tao Five-Decaliter-Rice ； SangZangXoGauo ； Classic Huang-Ting ； Taking ores for medicine ； Five-Ore Powdery

國文學誌

33期（2016 / 12 / 01）

133 - 158

繁體中文

作為中國書法的領軍人物，從東晉以來，王羲之的形象就深植人心，甚至到初唐時，李世民還以帝王之尊，親自為王羲之作傳，並傳令天下，廣為搜求王羲之書跡，不僅奠定了王羲之在書法史上至高無上、難以撼動的崇高地位，也增添了王羲之形象的神聖色彩。然而，王羲之畢竟是血肉之軀，和中國許多士人一樣，都深受儒、道兩家的影響；尤其在其晚年誓墓辭官後，由於對生命的眷戀，渴望美好的永存，家傳的五斗米道的信仰與活動便成了他生活的重心。本文從家傳信仰、地域薰習、姻親交游這幾個角度探討王羲之崇信道教的思想淵源；再從上章首過、寫道經、採藥服食這三方面勾勒王羲之晚年道教活動之大概，或能為研究王羲之提供另一個不同的面向。

Wang Xizhi was one of the greatest maestros of calligraphy in Chinese history, and he had been taken shape to be the majestic figure from the East-Tsin Dynasty(AD 317 ~ AD 420) until now. The Great Emperor in the Earlier Tang Dynasty, Lee Shi-Ming, who was respected named Tang Taizong, not only asked the courtiers and his people to offer all Wang Xizhi’s handwriting works but also wrote Wang Xizhi’s biography by the Emperor himself. What the Emperor had done made Wang Xizhi to be the great master of calligraphy and deified Wang Xizhi. But as people knows, Wang Xizhi was a normal human being anyway, he was not a holy person at all. Wang Xizhi was the same with the scholars at Earlier Tang period. Most of the intellectuals were deep involed in the Confucianism and Taoism at that time. Before he sent in his papers to the imperial court, Wang held a memorial ceremony for his passed- away parents to tell them why he resigned. After he quitted his job, he was enthusiastic about Taoism, eternal life, and immortality. Wang was fascinated with Taoism and held many religious activities regularly. Wang Xizhi’s strong religious conviction, narrow-minded loyalty to his hometown, relatives and in-laws that he often contact with will be showned in the study, and further, the readers would know more about Wang Xizhi by the threes below;1. by reading his artical SangZangXoGauo (One writes a literary work to blame oneself and it was always burned to send to the Emperor God), 2.by appreciating his handwriting about Tao Classics, and 3. by looking for ores to take for medicine. May the readers comprehend more about Wang Xizhi after reading the thesis.

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