從《藍采和》雜劇談元代戲班的“伶倫門戶”

From the Zaju of "Lan Tsai-ho" to the "Actor Family" of the Yuan Dynasty

10.7021/PAJ.200501.0093

陳萬鼐(Wan-Nai Chen)

藍采和雜劇 ； 伶倫門戶 ； (彳亢亍)(彳亢亍)人家 ； 大元聖政國朝典章 ； 類聚配偶律 ； 階級的內配群制 ； the Zaju of Lan Tsai-ho ； trouper-clan ； The Holy Edicts of the Imperial Yuan ； Class Endogamy ； the matching system within the class

臺灣戲專學刊

10期（2005 / 01 / 01）

93 - 114

繁體中文

我於本刊上期發表＜從《藍采和》雜劇談元代戲班優伶的生活情形＞一稿後，並非意猶未盡，續撰此文，實則此兩文為整個元代戲班真實生活研究「姊妹篇」。前文多就當時伶人慘澹經營戲班營業情況，及遭逢「官身」種種迫害，頗為辛酸；本文則為研究元代戲班構成份子，是因「類聚配偶律」關係，造成以職業為基礎的「伶倫門戶」。尤其《大元聖政國朝典章》約制優伶「階級的內配群制」，更使得伶人門限狹隘，失去職業的自由化。所幸伶人日常生活，在《元史》「服色等第」中，與庶人相同，並未受到歧視。以藍采和經營的「許家班」為例，生活裕如，同行之間，亦多能「相習則相親，相得則相恤」（見楊弘道小亨集語），應算是彼此互相團結的職業。

Since the publication of my article-”Lan Tsai-ho”-on the troupe life of the Yuan Dynasty in the previous issue of this periodical, I have not really sensed the insufficiency of its information in its own right, but have felt the need to come up with this new article in point of its complementary virtue as something contrapuntal. Whereas the previous article centers on the life of actors of the Yuan Dynasty in the light of its meagerness and difficulties, plus a description of the absurd situation of the duo-identity of simultaneously being an actor and an official that invites prosecution as a result of delinquency, this present article focuses on the composition of the troupes in the Yuan Dynasty from the formula-birds of a feather to form calling-based family troupes. The situation was further aggravated by the imperial edicts of the Yuan Dynasty as they decreed a class-based conjugal law restricting the life of the clan and limiting their freedom by a substantial degree. Fortunately, the daily life of the troupers of the Yuan Dynasty was not really affected and was pretty much the same as that led by the general public as can be exemplified by that of the trouper-family-She-Clan run by Lan Tsai-ho: their life was noted for its relative abundance and, among the people of the profession, people got married if they were instructively related; endeared if mutually obtained, all of which showed that they were really a cooperative clique.

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